Abstract
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections are associated with a significant mortality rate, and existing drugs show poor efficacy. Identifying novel targets/pathways required for MERS infectivity is therefore important for developing novel therapeutics. As an enveloped virus, translocation through the endolysosomal system provides one pathway for cellular entry of MERS-CoV. In this context, Ca2+-permeable channels within the endolysosomal system regulate both the luminal environment and trafficking events, meriting investigation of their role in regulating processing and trafficking of MERS-CoV. Knockdown of endogenous two-pore channels (TPCs), targets for the Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger NAADP, impaired infectivity in a MERS-CoV spike pseudovirus particle translocation assay. This effect was selective as knockdown of the lysosomal cation channel mucolipin-1 (TRPML1) was without effect. Pharmacological inhibition of NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release using several bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids also blocked MERS pseudovirus translocation. Knockdown of TPC1 (biased endosomally) or TPC2 (biased lysosomally) decreased the activity of furin, a protease which facilitates MERS fusion with cellular membranes. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of TPC1 activity also inhibited endosomal motility impairing pseudovirus progression through the endolysosomal system. Overall, these data support a selective, spatially autonomous role for TPCs within acidic organelles to support MERS-CoV translocation.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 30-41 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Cell Calcium |
Volume | 75 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 2018 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:GG performed and analyzed the experiments shown in Fig. 1 through 6. YY prepared pseudovirus for use in all experiments. GG, YY, TFW, FL and JSM collaborated to design experiments. GG and JSM wrote the paper. All authors reviewed the results, and commented upon the final version of the manuscript. Work in the Marchant Lab is support by NIH ( R01 GM088790 ) and Regenerative Medicine Minnesota ( RMM 11215 DS003 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords
- Ca signaling
- Endosomes
- Infectious disease
- Lysosomes
- NAADP