Nuclear transparency in 90°c.m. quasielastic A(p, 2p) reactions

J. Aclander; J. Alster; G. Asryan; Y. Averiche; D. S. Barton; V. Baturin; N. Buktoyarova; G. Bunce; A. S. Carroll; N. Christensen; H. Courant; S. Durrant; G. Fang; K. Gabriel; S. Gushue; K. J. Heller; S. Heppelmann; I. Kosonovsky; A. Leksanov; Y. I. Makdisi; A. Malki; I. Mardor; Y. Mardor; M. L. Marshak; D. Martel; E. Minina; E. Minor; I. Navon; H. Nicholson; A. Ogawa; Y. Panebratsev; E. Piasetzky; T. Roser; J. J. Russell; A. Schetkovsky; S. Shimanskiy; M. A. Shupe; S. Sutton; M. Tanaka; A. Tang; I. Tsetkov; J. Watson; C. White; J. Y. Wu; D. Zhalov

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.70.015208

Nuclear transparency in 90°_c.m. quasielastic A(p, 2p) reactions

J. Aclander, J. Alster, G. Asryan, Y. Averiche, D. S. Barton, V. Baturin, N. Buktoyarova, G. Bunce, A. S. Carroll, N. Christensen, H. Courant, S. Durrant, G. Fang, K. Gabriel, S. Gushue, K. J. Heller, S. Heppelmann, I. Kosonovsky, A. Leksanov, Y. I. MakdisiA. Malki, I. Mardor, Y. Mardor, M. L. Marshak, D. Martel, E. Minina, E. Minor, I. Navon, H. Nicholson, A. Ogawa, Y. Panebratsev, E. Piasetzky, T. Roser, J. J. Russell, A. Schetkovsky, S. Shimanskiy, M. A. Shupe, S. Sutton, M. Tanaka, A. Tang, I. Tsetkov, J. Watson, C. White, J. Y. Wu, D. Zhalov

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

We summarize the results of two experimental programs at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron of BNL to measure the nuclear transparency of nuclei measured in the A(p, 2p) quasielastic scattering process near 90° in the pp center of mass. The incident momenta varied from 5.9 to 14.4 GeV/c. corresponding to 4.8<Q²<12.7 (GeV/c)². Taking into account the motion of the target proton in the nucleus, the effective incident momenta extended from 5.0 to 15.8 GeV/c. First, we describe the measurements with the newer experiment, E850, which had more complete kinematic definition of quasielastic events. E850 covered a larger range of incident momenta, and thus provided more information regarding the nature of the energy dependence of the nuclear transparency. In E850 the angular dependence of the nuclear transparency near 90° and the nuclear transparency deuterons were studied. Second, we review the techniques used in an earlier experiment, E834, and show that the two experiments are consistent for the carbon data. E834 also determines the nuclear transparencies for lithium, aluminum, copper, and lead nuclei as well as for carbon. A determination of the (π⁺, π⁺p) transparencies is also reported. We find for both E850 and E834 that the A(p, 2p) nuclear transparency, unlike that for A(e,e' p) nuclear transparency, is incompatible with a constant value versus energy as predicted by Glauber calculations. The A(p, 2p) nuclear transparency for carbon and aluminum increases by a factor of two between 5.9 and 9.5 GeV/c incident proton momentum. At its peak the A(p, 2p) nuclear transparency is ∼80% of the constant A(e,e' p) nuclear transparency. Then the nuclear transparency falls back to a value at least as small as that at 5.9 GeV/c, and is compatible with the Glauber level again. This oscillating behavior is generally interpreted as an interplay between two components of the pN scattering amplitude; one short ranged and perturbative, and the other long ranged and strongly absorbed in the nuclear medium. A study of the A dependent nuclear transparency indicates that the effective cross section varies with incident momentum and is considerably smaller than the free pN cross section. We suggest a number of experiments for further studies of nuclear transparency effects.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	015208
Pages (from-to)	015208-1-015208-21
Journal	Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics
Volume	70
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.70.015208
State	Published - Jul 2004

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
S. Baker, F. J. Barbosa, S. Kaye, M. Kmit, D. Martel, D. Maxam, J. E. Passaneau, and M. Zilca contributed significantly to the design, construction, and testing of the detector components. In particular, F. Barbosa was responsible for the design of straw tube amplifiers and readout system. We are pleased to acknowledge the assistance of the AGS staff in assembling the detector and supporting the experiment. The experiment benefited throughout by the diligent work of our liaison engineers, D. Dayton, J. Mills, and C. Pearson. The continuing support of the department chair, D. Lowenstein, and division head, P. Pile, is gratefully acknowledged. The assistance of T. Noro, H. Sakaguchi and their students during the summer of 1998 was greatly appreciated. This research was supported by the U.S.–Israel Binational Science Foundation, the Israel Science Foundation founded by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. PHY9501114), and the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant No. DEFG0290ER40553).

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Aclander, J., Alster, J., Asryan, G., Averiche, Y., Barton, D. S., Baturin, V., Buktoyarova, N., Bunce, G., Carroll, A. S., Christensen, N., Courant, H., Durrant, S., Fang, G., Gabriel, K., Gushue, S., Heller, K. J., Heppelmann, S., Kosonovsky, I., Leksanov, A., ... Zhalov, D. (2004). Nuclear transparency in 90°_c.m. quasielastic A(p, 2p) reactions. Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics, 70(1), 015208-1-015208-21. Article 015208. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.70.015208

Aclander, J, Alster, J, Asryan, G, Averiche, Y, Barton, DS, Baturin, V, Buktoyarova, N, Bunce, G, Carroll, AS, Christensen, N, Courant, H, Durrant, S, Fang, G, Gabriel, K, Gushue, S, Heller, KJ, Heppelmann, S, Kosonovsky, I, Leksanov, A, Makdisi, YI, Malki, A, Mardor, I, Mardor, Y, Marshak, ML, Martel, D, Minina, E, Minor, E, Navon, I, Nicholson, H, Ogawa, A, Panebratsev, Y, Piasetzky, E, Roser, T, Russell, JJ, Schetkovsky, A, Shimanskiy, S, Shupe, MA, Sutton, S, Tanaka, M, Tang, A, Tsetkov, I, Watson, J, White, C, Wu, JY & Zhalov, D 2004, 'Nuclear transparency in 90°_c.m. quasielastic A(p, 2p) reactions', Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics, vol. 70, no. 1, 015208, pp. 015208-1-015208-21. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.70.015208

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title = "Nuclear transparency in 90°c.m. quasielastic A(p, 2p) reactions",

abstract = "We summarize the results of two experimental programs at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron of BNL to measure the nuclear transparency of nuclei measured in the A(p, 2p) quasielastic scattering process near 90° in the pp center of mass. The incident momenta varied from 5.9 to 14.4 GeV/c. corresponding to 4.8<Q2<12.7 (GeV/c)2. Taking into account the motion of the target proton in the nucleus, the effective incident momenta extended from 5.0 to 15.8 GeV/c. First, we describe the measurements with the newer experiment, E850, which had more complete kinematic definition of quasielastic events. E850 covered a larger range of incident momenta, and thus provided more information regarding the nature of the energy dependence of the nuclear transparency. In E850 the angular dependence of the nuclear transparency near 90° and the nuclear transparency deuterons were studied. Second, we review the techniques used in an earlier experiment, E834, and show that the two experiments are consistent for the carbon data. E834 also determines the nuclear transparencies for lithium, aluminum, copper, and lead nuclei as well as for carbon. A determination of the (π+, π+p) transparencies is also reported. We find for both E850 and E834 that the A(p, 2p) nuclear transparency, unlike that for A(e,e' p) nuclear transparency, is incompatible with a constant value versus energy as predicted by Glauber calculations. The A(p, 2p) nuclear transparency for carbon and aluminum increases by a factor of two between 5.9 and 9.5 GeV/c incident proton momentum. At its peak the A(p, 2p) nuclear transparency is ∼80% of the constant A(e,e' p) nuclear transparency. Then the nuclear transparency falls back to a value at least as small as that at 5.9 GeV/c, and is compatible with the Glauber level again. This oscillating behavior is generally interpreted as an interplay between two components of the pN scattering amplitude; one short ranged and perturbative, and the other long ranged and strongly absorbed in the nuclear medium. A study of the A dependent nuclear transparency indicates that the effective cross section varies with incident momentum and is considerably smaller than the free pN cross section. We suggest a number of experiments for further studies of nuclear transparency effects.",

author = "J. Aclander and J. Alster and G. Asryan and Y. Averiche and Barton, {D. S.} and V. Baturin and N. Buktoyarova and G. Bunce and Carroll, {A. S.} and N. Christensen and H. Courant and S. Durrant and G. Fang and K. Gabriel and S. Gushue and Heller, {K. J.} and S. Heppelmann and I. Kosonovsky and A. Leksanov and Makdisi, {Y. I.} and A. Malki and I. Mardor and Y. Mardor and Marshak, {M. L.} and D. Martel and E. Minina and E. Minor and I. Navon and H. Nicholson and A. Ogawa and Y. Panebratsev and E. Piasetzky and T. Roser and Russell, {J. J.} and A. Schetkovsky and S. Shimanskiy and Shupe, {M. A.} and S. Sutton and M. Tanaka and A. Tang and I. Tsetkov and J. Watson and C. White and Wu, {J. Y.} and D. Zhalov",

note = "Funding Information: S. Baker, F. J. Barbosa, S. Kaye, M. Kmit, D. Martel, D. Maxam, J. E. Passaneau, and M. Zilca contributed significantly to the design, construction, and testing of the detector components. In particular, F. Barbosa was responsible for the design of straw tube amplifiers and readout system. We are pleased to acknowledge the assistance of the AGS staff in assembling the detector and supporting the experiment. The experiment benefited throughout by the diligent work of our liaison engineers, D. Dayton, J. Mills, and C. Pearson. The continuing support of the department chair, D. Lowenstein, and division head, P. Pile, is gratefully acknowledged. The assistance of T. Noro, H. Sakaguchi and their students during the summer of 1998 was greatly appreciated. This research was supported by the U.S.–Israel Binational Science Foundation, the Israel Science Foundation founded by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. PHY9501114), and the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant No. DEFG0290ER40553).",

year = "2004",

month = jul,

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevC.70.015208",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "70",

pages = "015208--1--015208--21",

journal = "Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics",

issn = "0556-2813",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

number = "1",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Nuclear transparency in 90°c.m. quasielastic A(p, 2p) reactions

AU - Aclander, J.

AU - Alster, J.

AU - Asryan, G.

AU - Averiche, Y.

AU - Barton, D. S.

AU - Baturin, V.

AU - Buktoyarova, N.

AU - Bunce, G.

AU - Carroll, A. S.

AU - Christensen, N.

AU - Courant, H.

AU - Durrant, S.

AU - Fang, G.

AU - Gabriel, K.

AU - Gushue, S.

AU - Heller, K. J.

AU - Heppelmann, S.

AU - Kosonovsky, I.

AU - Leksanov, A.

AU - Makdisi, Y. I.

AU - Malki, A.

AU - Mardor, I.

AU - Mardor, Y.

AU - Marshak, M. L.

AU - Martel, D.

AU - Minina, E.

AU - Minor, E.

AU - Navon, I.

AU - Nicholson, H.

AU - Ogawa, A.

AU - Panebratsev, Y.

AU - Piasetzky, E.

AU - Roser, T.

AU - Russell, J. J.

AU - Schetkovsky, A.

AU - Shimanskiy, S.

AU - Shupe, M. A.

AU - Sutton, S.

AU - Tanaka, M.

AU - Tang, A.

AU - Tsetkov, I.

AU - Watson, J.

AU - White, C.

AU - Wu, J. Y.

AU - Zhalov, D.

N1 - Funding Information: S. Baker, F. J. Barbosa, S. Kaye, M. Kmit, D. Martel, D. Maxam, J. E. Passaneau, and M. Zilca contributed significantly to the design, construction, and testing of the detector components. In particular, F. Barbosa was responsible for the design of straw tube amplifiers and readout system. We are pleased to acknowledge the assistance of the AGS staff in assembling the detector and supporting the experiment. The experiment benefited throughout by the diligent work of our liaison engineers, D. Dayton, J. Mills, and C. Pearson. The continuing support of the department chair, D. Lowenstein, and division head, P. Pile, is gratefully acknowledged. The assistance of T. Noro, H. Sakaguchi and their students during the summer of 1998 was greatly appreciated. This research was supported by the U.S.–Israel Binational Science Foundation, the Israel Science Foundation founded by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. PHY9501114), and the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant No. DEFG0290ER40553).

PY - 2004/7

Y1 - 2004/7

N2 - We summarize the results of two experimental programs at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron of BNL to measure the nuclear transparency of nuclei measured in the A(p, 2p) quasielastic scattering process near 90° in the pp center of mass. The incident momenta varied from 5.9 to 14.4 GeV/c. corresponding to 4.8<Q2<12.7 (GeV/c)2. Taking into account the motion of the target proton in the nucleus, the effective incident momenta extended from 5.0 to 15.8 GeV/c. First, we describe the measurements with the newer experiment, E850, which had more complete kinematic definition of quasielastic events. E850 covered a larger range of incident momenta, and thus provided more information regarding the nature of the energy dependence of the nuclear transparency. In E850 the angular dependence of the nuclear transparency near 90° and the nuclear transparency deuterons were studied. Second, we review the techniques used in an earlier experiment, E834, and show that the two experiments are consistent for the carbon data. E834 also determines the nuclear transparencies for lithium, aluminum, copper, and lead nuclei as well as for carbon. A determination of the (π+, π+p) transparencies is also reported. We find for both E850 and E834 that the A(p, 2p) nuclear transparency, unlike that for A(e,e' p) nuclear transparency, is incompatible with a constant value versus energy as predicted by Glauber calculations. The A(p, 2p) nuclear transparency for carbon and aluminum increases by a factor of two between 5.9 and 9.5 GeV/c incident proton momentum. At its peak the A(p, 2p) nuclear transparency is ∼80% of the constant A(e,e' p) nuclear transparency. Then the nuclear transparency falls back to a value at least as small as that at 5.9 GeV/c, and is compatible with the Glauber level again. This oscillating behavior is generally interpreted as an interplay between two components of the pN scattering amplitude; one short ranged and perturbative, and the other long ranged and strongly absorbed in the nuclear medium. A study of the A dependent nuclear transparency indicates that the effective cross section varies with incident momentum and is considerably smaller than the free pN cross section. We suggest a number of experiments for further studies of nuclear transparency effects.

AB - We summarize the results of two experimental programs at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron of BNL to measure the nuclear transparency of nuclei measured in the A(p, 2p) quasielastic scattering process near 90° in the pp center of mass. The incident momenta varied from 5.9 to 14.4 GeV/c. corresponding to 4.8<Q2<12.7 (GeV/c)2. Taking into account the motion of the target proton in the nucleus, the effective incident momenta extended from 5.0 to 15.8 GeV/c. First, we describe the measurements with the newer experiment, E850, which had more complete kinematic definition of quasielastic events. E850 covered a larger range of incident momenta, and thus provided more information regarding the nature of the energy dependence of the nuclear transparency. In E850 the angular dependence of the nuclear transparency near 90° and the nuclear transparency deuterons were studied. Second, we review the techniques used in an earlier experiment, E834, and show that the two experiments are consistent for the carbon data. E834 also determines the nuclear transparencies for lithium, aluminum, copper, and lead nuclei as well as for carbon. A determination of the (π+, π+p) transparencies is also reported. We find for both E850 and E834 that the A(p, 2p) nuclear transparency, unlike that for A(e,e' p) nuclear transparency, is incompatible with a constant value versus energy as predicted by Glauber calculations. The A(p, 2p) nuclear transparency for carbon and aluminum increases by a factor of two between 5.9 and 9.5 GeV/c incident proton momentum. At its peak the A(p, 2p) nuclear transparency is ∼80% of the constant A(e,e' p) nuclear transparency. Then the nuclear transparency falls back to a value at least as small as that at 5.9 GeV/c, and is compatible with the Glauber level again. This oscillating behavior is generally interpreted as an interplay between two components of the pN scattering amplitude; one short ranged and perturbative, and the other long ranged and strongly absorbed in the nuclear medium. A study of the A dependent nuclear transparency indicates that the effective cross section varies with incident momentum and is considerably smaller than the free pN cross section. We suggest a number of experiments for further studies of nuclear transparency effects.

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