Observation in the MINOS far detector of the shadowing of cosmic rays by the sun and moon

P. Adamson; C. Andreopoulos; D. S. Ayres; C. Backhouse; G. Barr; W. L. Barrett; M. Bishai; A. Blake; B. Bock; G. J. Bock; D. J. Boehnlein; D. Bogert; C. Bower; S. Budd; S. Cavanaugh; D. Cherdack; S. Childress; B. C. Choudhary; J. H. Cobb; J. A.B. Coelho; S. J. Coleman; L. Corwin; D. Cronin-Hennessy; I. Z. Danko; J. K. De Jong; N. E. Devenish; M. V. Diwan; M. Dorman; C. O. Escobar; J. J. Evans; E. Falk; G. J. Feldman; M. V. Frohne; H. R. Gallagher; A. Godley; R. A. Gomes; M. C. Goodman; P. Gouffon; R. Gran; N. Grant; E. W. Grashorn; K. Grzelak; A. Habig; D. Harris; P. G. Harris; J. Hartnell; R. Hatcher; A. Himmel; A. Holin; X. Huang

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.10.010

Observation in the MINOS far detector of the shadowing of cosmic rays by the sun and moon

P. Adamson, C. Andreopoulos, D. S. Ayres, C. Backhouse, G. Barr, W. L. Barrett, M. Bishai, A. Blake, B. Bock, G. J. Bock, D. J. Boehnlein, D. Bogert, C. Bower, S. Budd, S. Cavanaugh, D. Cherdack, S. Childress, B. C. Choudhary, J. H. Cobb, J. A.B. CoelhoS. J. Coleman, L. Corwin, D. Cronin-Hennessy, I. Z. Danko, J. K. De Jong, N. E. Devenish, M. V. Diwan, M. Dorman, C. O. Escobar, J. J. Evans, E. Falk, G. J. Feldman, M. V. Frohne, H. R. Gallagher, A. Godley, R. A. Gomes, M. C. Goodman, P. Gouffon, R. Gran, N. Grant, E. W. Grashorn, K. Grzelak, A. Habig, D. Harris, P. G. Harris, J. Hartnell, R. Hatcher, A. Himmel, A. Holin, X. Huang

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Abstract

The shadowing of cosmic ray primaries by the moon and sun was observed by the MINOS far detector at a depth of 2070 mwe using 83.54 million cosmic ray muons accumulated over 1857.91 live-days. The shadow of the moon was detected at the 5.6 σ level and the shadow of the sun at the 3.8 σ level using a log-likelihood search in celestial coordinates. The moon shadow was used to quantify the absolute astrophysical pointing of the detector to be 0.17 ± 0.12°. Hints of interplanetary magnetic field effects were observed in both the sun and moon shadow.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	457-466
Number of pages	10
Journal	Astroparticle Physics
Volume	34
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.10.010
State	Published - Jan 2011

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.K. Science and Technologies Facilities Council, the State and University of Minnesota, the Office of Special Accounts for Research Grants of the University of Athens, Greece, FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) in Brazil. We gratefully acknowledge the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for their assistance and for allowing us access to the facilities of the Soudan Underground Mine State Park and the crew of the Soudan Underground Physics laboratory for their tireless work in building and operating the MINOS detector.

Keywords

Cosmic rays
Interplanetary magnetic field
Moon shadow
Muons
Sun shadow

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Adamson, P., Andreopoulos, C., Ayres, D. S., Backhouse, C., Barr, G., Barrett, W. L., Bishai, M., Blake, A., Bock, B., Bock, G. J., Boehnlein, D. J., Bogert, D., Bower, C., Budd, S., Cavanaugh, S., Cherdack, D., Childress, S., Choudhary, B. C., Cobb, J. H., ... Huang, X. (2011). Observation in the MINOS far detector of the shadowing of cosmic rays by the sun and moon. Astroparticle Physics, 34(6), 457-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.10.010

Adamson, P, Andreopoulos, C, Ayres, DS, Backhouse, C, Barr, G, Barrett, WL, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bock, B, Bock, GJ, Boehnlein, DJ, Bogert, D, Bower, C, Budd, S, Cavanaugh, S, Cherdack, D, Childress, S, Choudhary, BC, Cobb, JH, Coelho, JAB, Coleman, SJ, Corwin, L, Cronin-Hennessy, D, Danko, IZ, De Jong, JK, Devenish, NE, Diwan, MV, Dorman, M, Escobar, CO, Evans, JJ, Falk, E, Feldman, GJ, Frohne, MV, Gallagher, HR, Godley, A, Gomes, RA, Goodman, MC, Gouffon, P, Gran, R, Grant, N, Grashorn, EW, Grzelak, K, Habig, A, Harris, D, Harris, PG, Hartnell, J, Hatcher, R, Himmel, A , Holin, A & Huang, X 2011, 'Observation in the MINOS far detector of the shadowing of cosmic rays by the sun and moon', Astroparticle Physics, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 457-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.10.010

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title = "Observation in the MINOS far detector of the shadowing of cosmic rays by the sun and moon",

abstract = "The shadowing of cosmic ray primaries by the moon and sun was observed by the MINOS far detector at a depth of 2070 mwe using 83.54 million cosmic ray muons accumulated over 1857.91 live-days. The shadow of the moon was detected at the 5.6 σ level and the shadow of the sun at the 3.8 σ level using a log-likelihood search in celestial coordinates. The moon shadow was used to quantify the absolute astrophysical pointing of the detector to be 0.17 ± 0.12°. Hints of interplanetary magnetic field effects were observed in both the sun and moon shadow.",

keywords = "Cosmic rays, Interplanetary magnetic field, Moon shadow, Muons, Sun shadow",

author = "P. Adamson and C. Andreopoulos and Ayres, {D. S.} and C. Backhouse and G. Barr and Barrett, {W. L.} and M. Bishai and A. Blake and B. Bock and Bock, {G. J.} and Boehnlein, {D. J.} and D. Bogert and C. Bower and S. Budd and S. Cavanaugh and D. Cherdack and S. Childress and Choudhary, {B. C.} and Cobb, {J. H.} and Coelho, {J. A.B.} and Coleman, {S. J.} and L. Corwin and D. Cronin-Hennessy and Danko, {I. Z.} and {De Jong}, {J. K.} and Devenish, {N. E.} and Diwan, {M. V.} and M. Dorman and Escobar, {C. O.} and Evans, {J. J.} and E. Falk and Feldman, {G. J.} and Frohne, {M. V.} and Gallagher, {H. R.} and A. Godley and Gomes, {R. A.} and Goodman, {M. C.} and P. Gouffon and R. Gran and N. Grant and Grashorn, {E. W.} and K. Grzelak and A. Habig and D. Harris and Harris, {P. G.} and J. Hartnell and R. Hatcher and A. Himmel and A. Holin and X. Huang",

note = "Funding Information: We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.K. Science and Technologies Facilities Council, the State and University of Minnesota, the Office of Special Accounts for Research Grants of the University of Athens, Greece, FAPESP (Funda{\c c}{\~a}o de Amparo {\`a} Pesquisa do Estado de S{\~a}o Paulo), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient{\'i}fico e Tecnol{\'o}gico) in Brazil. We gratefully acknowledge the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for their assistance and for allowing us access to the facilities of the Soudan Underground Mine State Park and the crew of the Soudan Underground Physics laboratory for their tireless work in building and operating the MINOS detector.",

year = "2011",

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doi = "10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.10.010",

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AU - Adamson, P.

AU - Andreopoulos, C.

AU - Ayres, D. S.

AU - Backhouse, C.

AU - Barr, G.

AU - Barrett, W. L.

AU - Bishai, M.

AU - Blake, A.

AU - Bock, B.

AU - Bock, G. J.

AU - Boehnlein, D. J.

AU - Bogert, D.

AU - Bower, C.

AU - Budd, S.

AU - Cavanaugh, S.

AU - Cherdack, D.

AU - Childress, S.

AU - Choudhary, B. C.

AU - Cobb, J. H.

AU - Coelho, J. A.B.

AU - Coleman, S. J.

AU - Corwin, L.

AU - Cronin-Hennessy, D.

AU - Danko, I. Z.

AU - De Jong, J. K.

AU - Devenish, N. E.

AU - Diwan, M. V.

AU - Dorman, M.

AU - Escobar, C. O.

AU - Evans, J. J.

AU - Falk, E.

AU - Feldman, G. J.

AU - Frohne, M. V.

AU - Gallagher, H. R.

AU - Godley, A.

AU - Gomes, R. A.

AU - Goodman, M. C.

AU - Gouffon, P.

AU - Gran, R.

AU - Grant, N.

AU - Grashorn, E. W.

AU - Grzelak, K.

AU - Habig, A.

AU - Harris, D.

AU - Harris, P. G.

AU - Hartnell, J.

AU - Hatcher, R.

AU - Himmel, A.

AU - Holin, A.

AU - Huang, X.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.K. Science and Technologies Facilities Council, the State and University of Minnesota, the Office of Special Accounts for Research Grants of the University of Athens, Greece, FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) in Brazil. We gratefully acknowledge the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for their assistance and for allowing us access to the facilities of the Soudan Underground Mine State Park and the crew of the Soudan Underground Physics laboratory for their tireless work in building and operating the MINOS detector.

PY - 2011/1

Y1 - 2011/1

N2 - The shadowing of cosmic ray primaries by the moon and sun was observed by the MINOS far detector at a depth of 2070 mwe using 83.54 million cosmic ray muons accumulated over 1857.91 live-days. The shadow of the moon was detected at the 5.6 σ level and the shadow of the sun at the 3.8 σ level using a log-likelihood search in celestial coordinates. The moon shadow was used to quantify the absolute astrophysical pointing of the detector to be 0.17 ± 0.12°. Hints of interplanetary magnetic field effects were observed in both the sun and moon shadow.

AB - The shadowing of cosmic ray primaries by the moon and sun was observed by the MINOS far detector at a depth of 2070 mwe using 83.54 million cosmic ray muons accumulated over 1857.91 live-days. The shadow of the moon was detected at the 5.6 σ level and the shadow of the sun at the 3.8 σ level using a log-likelihood search in celestial coordinates. The moon shadow was used to quantify the absolute astrophysical pointing of the detector to be 0.17 ± 0.12°. Hints of interplanetary magnetic field effects were observed in both the sun and moon shadow.

KW - Cosmic rays

KW - Interplanetary magnetic field

KW - Moon shadow

KW - Muons

KW - Sun shadow

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U2 - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.10.010

DO - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.10.010

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:78650523774

SN - 0927-6505

VL - 34

SP - 457

EP - 466

JO - Astroparticle Physics

JF - Astroparticle Physics

IS - 6

ER -

Observation in the MINOS far detector of the shadowing of cosmic rays by the sun and moon

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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