Observation of high-energy neutrinos using Čerenkov detectors embedded deep in Antarctic ice

E. Andrés; P. Askebjer; X. Bai; G. Barouch; S. W. Barwick; R. C. Bay; K. H. Becker; L. Bergström; D. Bertrand; D. Bierenbaum; A. Biron; J. Booth; O. Botner; A. Bouchta; M. M. Boyce; S. Carius; A. Chen; D. Chirkin; J. Conrad; J. Cooley; C. G S Costa; D. F. Cowen; J. Dailing; E. Dalberg; T. DeYoung; P. Desiati; J. P. Dewulf; P. Doksus; J. Edsjö; P. Ekström; B. Erlandsson; T. Feser; M. Gaug; A. Goldschmidt; A. Goobar; L. Gray; H. Haase; A. Hallgren; F. Halzen; K. Hanson; R. Hardtke; Y. D. He; M. Hellwig; H. Heukenkamp; G. C. Hill; P. O. Hulth; S. Hundertmark; J. Jacobsen; V. Kandhadai; A. Karle; J. Kim; B. Koci; L. Köpke; M. Kowalski; H. Leich; M. Leuthold; P. Lindahl; I. Liubarsky; P. Loaiza; D. M. Lowder; J. Ludvig; J. Madsen; P. Marciniewski; H. S. Matis; A. Mihalyi; T. Mikolajski; T. C. Miller; Y. Minaeva; P. Miočinović; P. C. Mock; R. Morse; T. Neunhöffer; F. M. Newcomer; P. Niessen; D. R. Nygren; H. Ögelman; C. Pérez De Los Heros; R. Porrata; P. B. Price; K. Rawlins; C. Reed; W. Rhode; A. Richards; S. Richter; J. Rodríguez Martino; P. Romenesko; D. Ross; H. Rubinstein; H. G. Sander; T. Scheider; T. Schmidt; D. Schneider; E. Schneider; R. Schwarz; A. Silvestri; M. Solarz; G. M. Spiczak; C. Spiering; N. Starinsky; D. Steele; P. Steffen; R. G. Stokstad; O. Streicher; Q. Sun; I. Taboada; L. Thollander; T. Thon; S. Tilav; N. Usechak; M. Vander Donckt; C. Walck; C. Weinheimer; C. H. Wiebusch; R. Wischnewski; H. Wissing; K. Woschnagg; W. Wu; G. Yodh; S. Young

doi:10.1038/35068509

Observation of high-energy neutrinos using Čerenkov detectors embedded deep in Antarctic ice

E. Andrés, P. Askebjer, X. Bai, G. Barouch, S. W. Barwick, R. C. Bay, K. H. Becker, L. Bergström, D. Bertrand, D. Bierenbaum, A. Biron, J. Booth, O. Botner, A. Bouchta, M. M. Boyce, S. Carius, A. Chen, D. Chirkin, J. Conrad, J. CooleyC. G S Costa, D. F. Cowen, J. Dailing, E. Dalberg, T. DeYoung, P. Desiati, J. P. Dewulf, P. Doksus, J. Edsjö, P. Ekström, B. Erlandsson, T. Feser, M. Gaug, A. Goldschmidt, A. Goobar, L. Gray, H. Haase, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, R. Hardtke, Y. D. He, M. Hellwig, H. Heukenkamp, G. C. Hill, P. O. Hulth, S. Hundertmark, J. Jacobsen, V. Kandhadai, A. Karle, J. Kim, B. Koci, L. Köpke, M. Kowalski, H. Leich, M. Leuthold, P. Lindahl, I. Liubarsky, P. Loaiza, D. M. Lowder, J. Ludvig, J. Madsen, P. Marciniewski, H. S. Matis, A. Mihalyi, T. Mikolajski, T. C. Miller, Y. Minaeva, P. Miočinović, P. C. Mock, R. Morse, T. Neunhöffer, F. M. Newcomer, P. Niessen, D. R. Nygren, H. Ögelman, C. Pérez De Los Heros, R. Porrata, P. B. Price, K. Rawlins, C. Reed, W. Rhode, A. Richards, S. Richter, J. Rodríguez Martino, P. Romenesko, D. Ross, H. Rubinstein, H. G. Sander, T. Scheider, T. Schmidt, D. Schneider, E. Schneider, R. Schwarz, A. Silvestri, M. Solarz, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, N. Starinsky, D. Steele, P. Steffen, R. G. Stokstad, O. Streicher, Q. Sun, I. Taboada, L. Thollander, T. Thon, S. Tilav, N. Usechak, M. Vander Donckt, C. Walck, C. Weinheimer, C. H. Wiebusch, R. Wischnewski, H. Wissing, K. Woschnagg, W. Wu, G. Yodh, S. Young

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

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166 Scopus citations

Abstract

Neutrinos are elementary particles that carry no electric charge and have little mass. As they interact only weakly with other particles, they can penetrate enormous amounts of matter, and therefore have the potential to directly convey astrophysical information from the edge of the Universe and from deep inside the most cataclysmic high-energy regions. The neutrino's great penetrating power, however, also makes this particle difficult to detect. Underground detectors have observed low-energy neutrinos from the Sun and a nearby supernova², as well as neutrinos generated in the Earth's atmosphere. But the very low fluxes of high-energy neutrinos from cosmic sources can be observed only by much larger, expandable detectors in, for example, deep water^3,4 or ice⁵. Here we report the detection of upwardly propagating atmospheric neutrinos by the ice-based Antarctic muon and neutrino detector array (AMANDA). These results establish a technology with which to build a kilometre-scale neutrino observatory necessary for astrophysical observations¹.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	441-443
Number of pages	3
Journal	Nature
Volume	410
Issue number	6827
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/35068509
State	Published - Mar 22 2001

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Andrés, E., Askebjer, P., Bai, X., Barouch, G., Barwick, S. W., Bay, R. C., Becker, K. H., Bergström, L., Bertrand, D., Bierenbaum, D., Biron, A., Booth, J., Botner, O., Bouchta, A., Boyce, M. M., Carius, S., Chen, A., Chirkin, D., Conrad, J., ... Young, S. (2001). Observation of high-energy neutrinos using Čerenkov detectors embedded deep in Antarctic ice. Nature, 410(6827), 441-443. https://doi.org/10.1038/35068509

Andrés, E, Askebjer, P, Bai, X, Barouch, G, Barwick, SW, Bay, RC, Becker, KH, Bergström, L, Bertrand, D, Bierenbaum, D, Biron, A, Booth, J, Botner, O, Bouchta, A, Boyce, MM, Carius, S, Chen, A, Chirkin, D, Conrad, J, Cooley, J, Costa, CGS, Cowen, DF, Dailing, J, Dalberg, E, DeYoung, T, Desiati, P, Dewulf, JP, Doksus, P, Edsjö, J, Ekström, P, Erlandsson, B, Feser, T, Gaug, M, Goldschmidt, A, Goobar, A, Gray, L, Haase, H, Hallgren, A, Halzen, F, Hanson, K, Hardtke, R, He, YD, Hellwig, M, Heukenkamp, H, Hill, GC, Hulth, PO, Hundertmark, S, Jacobsen, J, Kandhadai, V, Karle, A, Kim, J, Koci, B, Köpke, L, Kowalski, M, Leich, H, Leuthold, M, Lindahl, P, Liubarsky, I, Loaiza, P, Lowder, DM, Ludvig, J, Madsen, J, Marciniewski, P, Matis, HS, Mihalyi, A, Mikolajski, T, Miller, TC, Minaeva, Y, Miočinović, P, Mock, PC, Morse, R, Neunhöffer, T, Newcomer, FM, Niessen, P, Nygren, DR, Ögelman, H, Pérez De Los Heros, C, Porrata, R, Price, PB, Rawlins, K, Reed, C, Rhode, W, Richards, A, Richter, S, Martino, JR, Romenesko, P, Ross, D, Rubinstein, H, Sander, HG, Scheider, T, Schmidt, T, Schneider, D, Schneider, E, Schwarz, R, Silvestri, A, Solarz, M, Spiczak, GM, Spiering, C, Starinsky, N, Steele, D, Steffen, P, Stokstad, RG, Streicher, O, Sun, Q, Taboada, I, Thollander, L, Thon, T, Tilav, S, Usechak, N, Vander Donckt, M, Walck, C, Weinheimer, C, Wiebusch, CH, Wischnewski, R, Wissing, H, Woschnagg, K, Wu, W, Yodh, G & Young, S 2001, 'Observation of high-energy neutrinos using Čerenkov detectors embedded deep in Antarctic ice', Nature, vol. 410, no. 6827, pp. 441-443. https://doi.org/10.1038/35068509

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title = "Observation of high-energy neutrinos using {\v C}erenkov detectors embedded deep in Antarctic ice",

abstract = "Neutrinos are elementary particles that carry no electric charge and have little mass. As they interact only weakly with other particles, they can penetrate enormous amounts of matter, and therefore have the potential to directly convey astrophysical information from the edge of the Universe and from deep inside the most cataclysmic high-energy regions. The neutrino's great penetrating power, however, also makes this particle difficult to detect. Underground detectors have observed low-energy neutrinos from the Sun and a nearby supernova2, as well as neutrinos generated in the Earth's atmosphere. But the very low fluxes of high-energy neutrinos from cosmic sources can be observed only by much larger, expandable detectors in, for example, deep water3,4 or ice5. Here we report the detection of upwardly propagating atmospheric neutrinos by the ice-based Antarctic muon and neutrino detector array (AMANDA). These results establish a technology with which to build a kilometre-scale neutrino observatory necessary for astrophysical observations1.",

author = "E. Andr{\'e}s and P. Askebjer and X. Bai and G. Barouch and Barwick, {S. W.} and Bay, {R. C.} and Becker, {K. H.} and L. Bergstr{\"o}m and D. Bertrand and D. Bierenbaum and A. Biron and J. Booth and O. Botner and A. Bouchta and Boyce, {M. M.} and S. Carius and A. Chen and D. Chirkin and J. Conrad and J. Cooley and Costa, {C. G S} and Cowen, {D. F.} and J. Dailing and E. Dalberg and T. DeYoung and P. Desiati and Dewulf, {J. P.} and P. Doksus and J. Edsj{\"o} and P. Ekstr{\"o}m and B. Erlandsson and T. Feser and M. Gaug and A. Goldschmidt and A. Goobar and L. Gray and H. Haase and A. Hallgren and F. Halzen and K. Hanson and R. Hardtke and He, {Y. D.} and M. Hellwig and H. Heukenkamp and Hill, {G. C.} and Hulth, {P. O.} and S. Hundertmark and J. Jacobsen and V. Kandhadai and A. Karle and J. Kim and B. Koci and L. K{\"o}pke and M. Kowalski and H. Leich and M. Leuthold and P. Lindahl and I. Liubarsky and P. Loaiza and Lowder, {D. M.} and J. Ludvig and J. Madsen and P. Marciniewski and Matis, {H. S.} and A. Mihalyi and T. Mikolajski and Miller, {T. C.} and Y. Minaeva and P. Mio{\v c}inovi{\'c} and Mock, {P. C.} and R. Morse and T. Neunh{\"o}ffer and Newcomer, {F. M.} and P. Niessen and Nygren, {D. R.} and H. {\"O}gelman and {P{\'e}rez De Los Heros}, C. and R. Porrata and Price, {P. B.} and K. Rawlins and C. Reed and W. Rhode and A. Richards and S. Richter and Martino, {J. Rodr{\'i}guez} and P. Romenesko and D. Ross and H. Rubinstein and Sander, {H. G.} and T. Scheider and T. Schmidt and D. Schneider and E. Schneider and R. Schwarz and A. Silvestri and M. Solarz and Spiczak, {G. M.} and C. Spiering and N. Starinsky and D. Steele and P. Steffen and Stokstad, {R. G.} and O. Streicher and Q. Sun and I. Taboada and L. Thollander and T. Thon and S. Tilav and N. Usechak and {Vander Donckt}, M. and C. Walck and C. Weinheimer and Wiebusch, {C. H.} and R. Wischnewski and H. Wissing and K. Woschnagg and W. Wu and G. Yodh and S. Young",

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T1 - Observation of high-energy neutrinos using Čerenkov detectors embedded deep in Antarctic ice

AU - Andrés, E.

AU - Askebjer, P.

AU - Bai, X.

AU - Barouch, G.

AU - Barwick, S. W.

AU - Bay, R. C.

AU - Becker, K. H.

AU - Bergström, L.

AU - Bertrand, D.

AU - Bierenbaum, D.

AU - Biron, A.

AU - Booth, J.

AU - Botner, O.

AU - Bouchta, A.

AU - Boyce, M. M.

AU - Carius, S.

AU - Chen, A.

AU - Chirkin, D.

AU - Conrad, J.

AU - Cooley, J.

AU - Costa, C. G S

AU - Cowen, D. F.

AU - Dailing, J.

AU - Dalberg, E.

AU - DeYoung, T.

AU - Desiati, P.

AU - Dewulf, J. P.

AU - Doksus, P.

AU - Edsjö, J.

AU - Ekström, P.

AU - Erlandsson, B.

AU - Feser, T.

AU - Gaug, M.

AU - Goldschmidt, A.

AU - Goobar, A.

AU - Gray, L.

AU - Haase, H.

AU - Hallgren, A.

AU - Halzen, F.

AU - Hanson, K.

AU - Hardtke, R.

AU - He, Y. D.

AU - Hellwig, M.

AU - Heukenkamp, H.

AU - Hill, G. C.

AU - Hulth, P. O.

AU - Hundertmark, S.

AU - Jacobsen, J.

AU - Kandhadai, V.

AU - Karle, A.

AU - Kim, J.

AU - Koci, B.

AU - Köpke, L.

AU - Kowalski, M.

AU - Leich, H.

AU - Leuthold, M.

AU - Lindahl, P.

AU - Liubarsky, I.

AU - Loaiza, P.

AU - Lowder, D. M.

AU - Ludvig, J.

AU - Madsen, J.

AU - Marciniewski, P.

AU - Matis, H. S.

AU - Mihalyi, A.

AU - Mikolajski, T.

AU - Miller, T. C.

AU - Minaeva, Y.

AU - Miočinović, P.

AU - Mock, P. C.

AU - Morse, R.

AU - Neunhöffer, T.

AU - Newcomer, F. M.

AU - Niessen, P.

AU - Nygren, D. R.

AU - Ögelman, H.

AU - Pérez De Los Heros, C.

AU - Porrata, R.

AU - Price, P. B.

AU - Rawlins, K.

AU - Reed, C.

AU - Rhode, W.

AU - Richards, A.

AU - Richter, S.

AU - Martino, J. Rodríguez

AU - Romenesko, P.

AU - Ross, D.

AU - Rubinstein, H.

AU - Sander, H. G.

AU - Scheider, T.

AU - Schmidt, T.

AU - Schneider, D.

AU - Schneider, E.

AU - Schwarz, R.

AU - Silvestri, A.

AU - Solarz, M.

AU - Spiczak, G. M.

AU - Spiering, C.

AU - Starinsky, N.

AU - Steele, D.

AU - Steffen, P.

AU - Stokstad, R. G.

AU - Streicher, O.

AU - Sun, Q.

AU - Taboada, I.

AU - Thollander, L.

AU - Thon, T.

AU - Tilav, S.

AU - Usechak, N.

AU - Vander Donckt, M.

AU - Walck, C.

AU - Weinheimer, C.

AU - Wiebusch, C. H.

AU - Wischnewski, R.

AU - Wissing, H.

AU - Woschnagg, K.

AU - Wu, W.

AU - Yodh, G.

AU - Young, S.

PY - 2001/3/22

Y1 - 2001/3/22

N2 - Neutrinos are elementary particles that carry no electric charge and have little mass. As they interact only weakly with other particles, they can penetrate enormous amounts of matter, and therefore have the potential to directly convey astrophysical information from the edge of the Universe and from deep inside the most cataclysmic high-energy regions. The neutrino's great penetrating power, however, also makes this particle difficult to detect. Underground detectors have observed low-energy neutrinos from the Sun and a nearby supernova2, as well as neutrinos generated in the Earth's atmosphere. But the very low fluxes of high-energy neutrinos from cosmic sources can be observed only by much larger, expandable detectors in, for example, deep water3,4 or ice5. Here we report the detection of upwardly propagating atmospheric neutrinos by the ice-based Antarctic muon and neutrino detector array (AMANDA). These results establish a technology with which to build a kilometre-scale neutrino observatory necessary for astrophysical observations1.

AB - Neutrinos are elementary particles that carry no electric charge and have little mass. As they interact only weakly with other particles, they can penetrate enormous amounts of matter, and therefore have the potential to directly convey astrophysical information from the edge of the Universe and from deep inside the most cataclysmic high-energy regions. The neutrino's great penetrating power, however, also makes this particle difficult to detect. Underground detectors have observed low-energy neutrinos from the Sun and a nearby supernova2, as well as neutrinos generated in the Earth's atmosphere. But the very low fluxes of high-energy neutrinos from cosmic sources can be observed only by much larger, expandable detectors in, for example, deep water3,4 or ice5. Here we report the detection of upwardly propagating atmospheric neutrinos by the ice-based Antarctic muon and neutrino detector array (AMANDA). These results establish a technology with which to build a kilometre-scale neutrino observatory necessary for astrophysical observations1.

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U2 - 10.1038/35068509

DO - 10.1038/35068509

M3 - Article

C2 - 11260705

AN - SCOPUS:0035932419

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 410

SP - 441

EP - 443

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 6827

ER -

Observation of high-energy neutrinos using Čerenkov detectors embedded deep in Antarctic ice

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