Observation of seasonal variation of atmospheric multiple-muon events in the MINOS Near and Far Detectors

P. Adamson; I. Anghel; A. Aurisano; G. Barr; M. Bishai; A. Blake; G. J. Bock; D. Bogert; S. V. Cao; C. M. Castromonte; S. Childress; J. A B Coelho; L. Corwin; D. Cronin-Hennessy; J. K. De Jong; A. V. Devan; N. E. Devenish; M. V. Diwan; C. O. Escobar; J. J. Evans; E. Falk; G. J. Feldman; M. V. Frohne; H. R. Gallagher; R. A. Gomes; M. C. Goodman; P. Gouffon; N. Graf; R. Gran; K. Grzelak; A. Habig; S. R. Hahn; J. Hartnell; R. Hatcher; A. Holin; J. Huang; J. Hylen; G. M. Irwin; Z. Isvan; C. James; D. Jensen; T. Kafka; S. M S Kasahara; G. Koizumi; M. Kordosky; A. Kreymer; K. Lang; J. Ling; P. J. Litchfield; P. Lucas; W. A. Mann; M. L. Marshak; N. Mayer; C. McGivern; M. M. Medeiros; R. Mehdiyev; J. R. Meier; M. D. Messier; W. H. Miller; S. R. Mishra; S. Moed Sher; C. D. Moore; L. Mualem; J. Musser; D. Naples; J. K. Nelson; H. B. Newman; R. J. Nichol; J. A. Nowak; J. O'Connor; M. Orchanian; S. Osprey; R. B. Pahlka; J. Paley; R. B. Patterson; G. Pawloski; A. Perch; S. Phan-Budd; R. K. Plunkett; N. Poonthottathil; X. Qiu; A. Radovic; B. Rebel; C. Rosenfeld; H. A. Rubin; M. C. Sanchez; J. Schneps; A. Schreckenberger; P. Schreiner; R. Sharma; A. Sousa; N. Tagg; R. L. Talaga; J. Thomas; M. A. Thomson; X. Tian; A. Timmons; S. C. Tognini; R. Toner; D. Torretta; J. Urheim; P. Vahle; B. Viren; A. Weber; R. C. Webb; C. White; L. Whitehead; L. H. Whitehead; S. G. Wojcicki; R. Zwaska

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.91.112006

Observation of seasonal variation of atmospheric multiple-muon events in the MINOS Near and Far Detectors

P. Adamson, I. Anghel, A. Aurisano, G. Barr, M. Bishai, A. Blake, G. J. Bock, D. Bogert, S. V. Cao, C. M. Castromonte, S. Childress, J. A B Coelho, L. Corwin, D. Cronin-Hennessy, J. K. De Jong, A. V. Devan, N. E. Devenish, M. V. Diwan, C. O. Escobar, J. J. EvansE. Falk, G. J. Feldman, M. V. Frohne, H. R. Gallagher, R. A. Gomes, M. C. Goodman, P. Gouffon, N. Graf, R. Gran, K. Grzelak, A. Habig, S. R. Hahn, J. Hartnell, R. Hatcher, A. Holin, J. Huang, J. Hylen, G. M. Irwin, Z. Isvan, C. James, D. Jensen, T. Kafka, S. M S Kasahara, G. Koizumi, M. Kordosky, A. Kreymer, K. Lang, J. Ling, P. J. Litchfield, P. Lucas, W. A. Mann, M. L. Marshak, N. Mayer, C. McGivern, M. M. Medeiros, R. Mehdiyev, J. R. Meier, M. D. Messier, W. H. Miller, S. R. Mishra, S. Moed Sher, C. D. Moore, L. Mualem, J. Musser, D. Naples, J. K. Nelson, H. B. Newman, R. J. Nichol, J. A. Nowak, J. O'Connor, M. Orchanian, S. Osprey, R. B. Pahlka, J. Paley, R. B. Patterson, G. Pawloski, A. Perch, S. Phan-Budd, R. K. Plunkett, N. Poonthottathil, X. Qiu, A. Radovic, B. Rebel, C. Rosenfeld, H. A. Rubin, M. C. Sanchez, J. Schneps, A. Schreckenberger, P. Schreiner, R. Sharma, A. Sousa, N. Tagg, R. L. Talaga, J. Thomas, M. A. Thomson, X. Tian, A. Timmons, S. C. Tognini, R. Toner, D. Torretta, J. Urheim, P. Vahle, B. Viren, A. Weber, R. C. Webb, C. White, L. Whitehead, L. H. Whitehead, S. G. Wojcicki, R. Zwaska

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Abstract

We report the first observation of seasonal modulations in the rates of cosmic ray multiple-muon events at two underground sites, the MINOS Near Detector with an overburden of 225 mwe, and the MINOS Far Detector site at 2100 mwe. At the deeper site, multiple-muon events with muons separated by more than 8 m exhibit a seasonal rate that peaks during the summer, similar to that of single-muon events. In contrast and unexpectedly, the rate of multiple-muon events with muons separated by less than 5-8 m, and the rate of multiple-muon events in the smaller, shallower Near Detector, exhibit a seasonal rate modulation that peaks in the winter.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	112006
Journal	Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology
Volume	91
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.91.112006
State	Published - Jun 9 2015

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© 2015 American Physical Society.

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Adamson, P., Anghel, I., Aurisano, A., Barr, G., Bishai, M., Blake, A., Bock, G. J., Bogert, D., Cao, S. V., Castromonte, C. M., Childress, S., Coelho, J. A. B., Corwin, L., Cronin-Hennessy, D., De Jong, J. K., Devan, A. V., Devenish, N. E., Diwan, M. V., Escobar, C. O., ... Zwaska, R. (2015). Observation of seasonal variation of atmospheric multiple-muon events in the MINOS Near and Far Detectors. Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology, 91(11), Article 112006. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.91.112006

Adamson, P, Anghel, I, Aurisano, A, Barr, G, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bock, GJ, Bogert, D, Cao, SV, Castromonte, CM, Childress, S, Coelho, JAB, Corwin, L, Cronin-Hennessy, D, De Jong, JK, Devan, AV, Devenish, NE, Diwan, MV, Escobar, CO, Evans, JJ, Falk, E, Feldman, GJ, Frohne, MV, Gallagher, HR, Gomes, RA, Goodman, MC, Gouffon, P, Graf, N, Gran, R, Grzelak, K, Habig, A, Hahn, SR, Hartnell, J, Hatcher, R, Holin, A, Huang, J, Hylen, J, Irwin, GM, Isvan, Z, James, C, Jensen, D, Kafka, T, Kasahara, SMS, Koizumi, G, Kordosky, M, Kreymer, A, Lang, K, Ling, J, Litchfield, PJ, Lucas, P, Mann, WA, Marshak, ML, Mayer, N, McGivern, C, Medeiros, MM, Mehdiyev, R, Meier, JR, Messier, MD, Miller, WH, Mishra, SR, Moed Sher, S, Moore, CD, Mualem, L, Musser, J, Naples, D, Nelson, JK, Newman, HB, Nichol, RJ, Nowak, JA, O'Connor, J, Orchanian, M, Osprey, S, Pahlka, RB, Paley, J, Patterson, RB, Pawloski, G, Perch, A, Phan-Budd, S, Plunkett, RK, Poonthottathil, N, Qiu, X, Radovic, A, Rebel, B, Rosenfeld, C, Rubin, HA, Sanchez, MC, Schneps, J, Schreckenberger, A, Schreiner, P, Sharma, R, Sousa, A, Tagg, N, Talaga, RL, Thomas, J, Thomson, MA, Tian, X, Timmons, A, Tognini, SC, Toner, R, Torretta, D, Urheim, J, Vahle, P, Viren, B, Weber, A, Webb, RC, White, C, Whitehead, L, Whitehead, LH, Wojcicki, SG & Zwaska, R 2015, 'Observation of seasonal variation of atmospheric multiple-muon events in the MINOS Near and Far Detectors', Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology, vol. 91, no. 11, 112006. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.91.112006

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title = "Observation of seasonal variation of atmospheric multiple-muon events in the MINOS Near and Far Detectors",

abstract = "We report the first observation of seasonal modulations in the rates of cosmic ray multiple-muon events at two underground sites, the MINOS Near Detector with an overburden of 225 mwe, and the MINOS Far Detector site at 2100 mwe. At the deeper site, multiple-muon events with muons separated by more than 8 m exhibit a seasonal rate that peaks during the summer, similar to that of single-muon events. In contrast and unexpectedly, the rate of multiple-muon events with muons separated by less than 5-8 m, and the rate of multiple-muon events in the smaller, shallower Near Detector, exhibit a seasonal rate modulation that peaks in the winter.",

author = "P. Adamson and I. Anghel and A. Aurisano and G. Barr and M. Bishai and A. Blake and Bock, {G. J.} and D. Bogert and Cao, {S. V.} and Castromonte, {C. M.} and S. Childress and Coelho, {J. A B} and L. Corwin and D. Cronin-Hennessy and {De Jong}, {J. K.} and Devan, {A. V.} and Devenish, {N. E.} and Diwan, {M. V.} and Escobar, {C. O.} and Evans, {J. J.} and E. Falk and Feldman, {G. J.} and Frohne, {M. V.} and Gallagher, {H. R.} and Gomes, {R. A.} and Goodman, {M. C.} and P. Gouffon and N. Graf and R. Gran and K. Grzelak and A. Habig and Hahn, {S. R.} and J. Hartnell and R. Hatcher and A. Holin and J. Huang and J. Hylen and Irwin, {G. M.} and Z. Isvan and C. James and D. Jensen and T. Kafka and Kasahara, {S. M S} and G. Koizumi and M. Kordosky and A. Kreymer and K. Lang and J. Ling and Litchfield, {P. J.} and P. Lucas and Mann, {W. A.} and Marshak, {M. L.} and N. Mayer and C. McGivern and Medeiros, {M. M.} and R. Mehdiyev and Meier, {J. R.} and Messier, {M. D.} and Miller, {W. H.} and Mishra, {S. R.} and {Moed Sher}, S. and Moore, {C. D.} and L. Mualem and J. Musser and D. Naples and Nelson, {J. K.} and Newman, {H. B.} and Nichol, {R. J.} and Nowak, {J. A.} and J. O'Connor and M. Orchanian and S. Osprey and Pahlka, {R. B.} and J. Paley and Patterson, {R. B.} and G. Pawloski and A. Perch and S. Phan-Budd and Plunkett, {R. K.} and N. Poonthottathil and X. Qiu and A. Radovic and B. Rebel and C. Rosenfeld and Rubin, {H. A.} and Sanchez, {M. C.} and J. Schneps and A. Schreckenberger and P. Schreiner and R. Sharma and A. Sousa and N. Tagg and Talaga, {R. L.} and J. Thomas and Thomson, {M. A.} and X. Tian and A. Timmons and Tognini, {S. C.} and R. Toner and D. Torretta and J. Urheim and P. Vahle and B. Viren and A. Weber and Webb, {R. C.} and C. White and L. Whitehead and Whitehead, {L. H.} and Wojcicki, {S. G.} and R. Zwaska",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 American Physical Society.",

year = "2015",

month = jun,

day = "9",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.91.112006",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "91",

journal = "Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Observation of seasonal variation of atmospheric multiple-muon events in the MINOS Near and Far Detectors

AU - Adamson, P.

AU - Anghel, I.

AU - Aurisano, A.

AU - Barr, G.

AU - Bishai, M.

AU - Blake, A.

AU - Bock, G. J.

AU - Bogert, D.

AU - Cao, S. V.

AU - Castromonte, C. M.

AU - Childress, S.

AU - Coelho, J. A B

AU - Corwin, L.

AU - Cronin-Hennessy, D.

AU - De Jong, J. K.

AU - Devan, A. V.

AU - Devenish, N. E.

AU - Diwan, M. V.

AU - Escobar, C. O.

AU - Evans, J. J.

AU - Falk, E.

AU - Feldman, G. J.

AU - Frohne, M. V.

AU - Gallagher, H. R.

AU - Gomes, R. A.

AU - Goodman, M. C.

AU - Gouffon, P.

AU - Graf, N.

AU - Gran, R.

AU - Grzelak, K.

AU - Habig, A.

AU - Hahn, S. R.

AU - Hartnell, J.

AU - Hatcher, R.

AU - Holin, A.

AU - Huang, J.

AU - Hylen, J.

AU - Irwin, G. M.

AU - Isvan, Z.

AU - James, C.

AU - Jensen, D.

AU - Kafka, T.

AU - Kasahara, S. M S

AU - Koizumi, G.

AU - Kordosky, M.

AU - Kreymer, A.

AU - Lang, K.

AU - Ling, J.

AU - Litchfield, P. J.

AU - Lucas, P.

AU - Mann, W. A.

AU - Marshak, M. L.

AU - Mayer, N.

AU - McGivern, C.

AU - Medeiros, M. M.

AU - Mehdiyev, R.

AU - Meier, J. R.

AU - Messier, M. D.

AU - Miller, W. H.

AU - Mishra, S. R.

AU - Moed Sher, S.

AU - Moore, C. D.

AU - Mualem, L.

AU - Musser, J.

AU - Naples, D.

AU - Nelson, J. K.

AU - Newman, H. B.

AU - Nichol, R. J.

AU - Nowak, J. A.

AU - O'Connor, J.

AU - Orchanian, M.

AU - Osprey, S.

AU - Pahlka, R. B.

AU - Paley, J.

AU - Patterson, R. B.

AU - Pawloski, G.

AU - Perch, A.

AU - Phan-Budd, S.

AU - Plunkett, R. K.

AU - Poonthottathil, N.

AU - Qiu, X.

AU - Radovic, A.

AU - Rebel, B.

AU - Rosenfeld, C.

AU - Rubin, H. A.

AU - Sanchez, M. C.

AU - Schneps, J.

AU - Schreckenberger, A.

AU - Schreiner, P.

AU - Sharma, R.

AU - Sousa, A.

AU - Tagg, N.

AU - Talaga, R. L.

AU - Thomas, J.

AU - Thomson, M. A.

AU - Tian, X.

AU - Timmons, A.

AU - Tognini, S. C.

AU - Toner, R.

AU - Torretta, D.

AU - Urheim, J.

AU - Vahle, P.

AU - Viren, B.

AU - Weber, A.

AU - Webb, R. C.

AU - White, C.

AU - Whitehead, L.

AU - Whitehead, L. H.

AU - Wojcicki, S. G.

AU - Zwaska, R.

PY - 2015/6/9

Y1 - 2015/6/9

N2 - We report the first observation of seasonal modulations in the rates of cosmic ray multiple-muon events at two underground sites, the MINOS Near Detector with an overburden of 225 mwe, and the MINOS Far Detector site at 2100 mwe. At the deeper site, multiple-muon events with muons separated by more than 8 m exhibit a seasonal rate that peaks during the summer, similar to that of single-muon events. In contrast and unexpectedly, the rate of multiple-muon events with muons separated by less than 5-8 m, and the rate of multiple-muon events in the smaller, shallower Near Detector, exhibit a seasonal rate modulation that peaks in the winter.

AB - We report the first observation of seasonal modulations in the rates of cosmic ray multiple-muon events at two underground sites, the MINOS Near Detector with an overburden of 225 mwe, and the MINOS Far Detector site at 2100 mwe. At the deeper site, multiple-muon events with muons separated by more than 8 m exhibit a seasonal rate that peaks during the summer, similar to that of single-muon events. In contrast and unexpectedly, the rate of multiple-muon events with muons separated by less than 5-8 m, and the rate of multiple-muon events in the smaller, shallower Near Detector, exhibit a seasonal rate modulation that peaks in the winter.

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84935847811&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevD.91.112006

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevD.91.112006

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84935847811

SN - 1550-7998

VL - 91

JO - Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology

JF - Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology

IS - 11

M1 - 112006

ER -

Observation of seasonal variation of atmospheric multiple-muon events in the MINOS Near and Far Detectors

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