TY - JOUR
T1 - Odor and odorous chemical emissions from animal buildings
T2 - Part 4. Correlations between sensory and chemical measurements
AU - Akdeniz, N.
AU - Jacobson, L. D.
AU - Hetchler, B. P.
AU - Bereznicki, S. D.
AU - Heber, A. J.
AU - Koziel, J. A.
AU - Cai, L.
AU - Zhang, S.
AU - Parker, D. B.
PY - 2012/12/1
Y1 - 2012/12/1
N2 - This study supplemented the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study (NAEMS) with one year of comprehensive measurements of odor emission at five swine and four dairy buildings. The measurements included both standard human sensory measurements using dynamic forced-choice olfactometry and chemical analysis of the odorous compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In this article, multilinear regressions between odor and gas concentrations (a total of 20 compounds including H2S, NH3, and VOCs) were investigated. Regressions between odor and gas emission rates were also tested. It was found that gas concentrations, rather than emission rates, should be used to develop multilinear regression models. For the dairy sites, H2S, NH3, acetic acid, propanoic acid, 2-methyl propanoic, and pentanoic acids were observed to be the compounds with the most significant effect on sensory odor. For the swine sites, in addition to these gases, higher molecular weight compounds such as phenol, 4-methyl phenol, 4-ethyl phenol, and 1Hindole were also observed to be significant predictors of sensory odor. When all VOCs were excluded from the model, significant correlations between odor and H 2S and NH3 concentrations were still observed. Although these coefficients of determination were lower when only H2S and NH3 were used, they can be used to predict odor variability by up to 83% when VOC data are unavailable.
AB - This study supplemented the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study (NAEMS) with one year of comprehensive measurements of odor emission at five swine and four dairy buildings. The measurements included both standard human sensory measurements using dynamic forced-choice olfactometry and chemical analysis of the odorous compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In this article, multilinear regressions between odor and gas concentrations (a total of 20 compounds including H2S, NH3, and VOCs) were investigated. Regressions between odor and gas emission rates were also tested. It was found that gas concentrations, rather than emission rates, should be used to develop multilinear regression models. For the dairy sites, H2S, NH3, acetic acid, propanoic acid, 2-methyl propanoic, and pentanoic acids were observed to be the compounds with the most significant effect on sensory odor. For the swine sites, in addition to these gases, higher molecular weight compounds such as phenol, 4-methyl phenol, 4-ethyl phenol, and 1Hindole were also observed to be significant predictors of sensory odor. When all VOCs were excluded from the model, significant correlations between odor and H 2S and NH3 concentrations were still observed. Although these coefficients of determination were lower when only H2S and NH3 were used, they can be used to predict odor variability by up to 83% when VOC data are unavailable.
KW - Dairy
KW - Emission rate
KW - Multilinear regression
KW - Odor concentration
KW - Swine
KW - Volatile organic compound.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84872582680&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84872582680&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84872582680
SN - 2151-0032
VL - 55
SP - 2347
EP - 2356
JO - Transactions of the ASABE
JF - Transactions of the ASABE
IS - 6
ER -