Outcome of renal transplantation or dialysis in patients with a history of renal cancer

Background. Therapeutic options for patients with bilateral renal cancer or cancer in a solitary kidney are limited to partial nephrectomy or bilateral radical nephrectomy with subsequent renal transplantation or dialysis. The outcome after partial nephrectomy is well documented, but few reports discuss the long‐term survival of patients receiving chronic dialysis or after renal transplantation. Information regarding the long‐term prognosis for these patients is important when deciding on the appropriate treatment. Methods. The authors retrospectively evaluated the long‐term prognosis of 23 patients who lost renal function because of surgery for renal cell carcinoma or Wilms' tumor between 1970 and 1990. Results. Twelve patients had renal transplantation (Tx group), and 11 had chronic dialysis (DS group). In the Tx group, four patients had Wilms' tumor and eight had renal cell carcinoma (Stage I, 5 patients; Stage II, 2 patients; Stage III, 1 patient). In the DS group, three patients had Wilms' tumor, and eight had renal cell carcinoma (Stage I, 5 patients; Stage III, 2 patients; Stage IV, 1 patient). Unexpectedly, 9 of 11 (82%) patients from the DS group died of cancer, compared with 1 of 12 (8%) patients who had transplantation (P = 0.0133) despite comparable stages of renal cell carcinoma and Wilms' tumor in the two groups. Conclusions. For patients who have had bilateral nephrectomy or removal of a solitary kidney, the authors recommend waiting at least 12 months, during which time the patient receives dialysis, before proceeding with transplantation if there is no evidence of recurrent tumor.