Phase-shift high-speed valve for switch-mode control

Hydraulic applications requiring a variation in the speed or torque of actuators have historically used throttling valve control or a variable displacement pump or motor. An alternative method is switch-mode control that uses a high-speed valve to rapidly switch between efficient on and off states, allowing any hydraulic actuator to have virtually variable displacement. An existing barrier to switch-mode control is a fast and efficient high-speed valve. A novel high-speed valve concept is proposed that uses a phase shift between two tiers of continuously rotating valve spools to achieve a pulse-width modulated flow with any desired duty ratio. An analysis of the major forms of energy loss, including throttling, compressibility, viscous friction, and internal leakage, is performed on a disk spool architecture. This analysis also explores the use of a hydrodynamic thrust bearing to maintain valve clearance. A nonoptimized design example of a phase-shift valve operating at 100 Hz switching frequency at 10 l/min demonstrates an efficiency of 73% at a duty ratio of 1 and 64% at 0.75 duty ratio. Numerous opportunities exist for improving this efficiency including design changes and formal optimization. The phase-shift valve has the potential to enable switch-mode hydraulic circuits. The valve has numerous benefits over existing technology yet requires further refinement to realize its full potential.