Photochemical fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment: Naproxen, diclofenac, clofibric acid, and ibuprofen

Agriculture & Biology

• clofibric acid 100%
• ibuprofen 83%
• diclofenac 81%
• photolysis 71%
• drugs 40%
• Mississippi River 36%
• river water 32%
• isopropyl alcohol 30%
• solar radiation 22%
• surface water 18%
• hydroxyl radicals 18%
• photoreduction 11%
• water 10%
• photochemistry 10%
• vapors 8%
• probes (equipment) 8%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• photolysis 64%
• drug 48%
• acid 37%
• alcohol 24%
• river water 23%
• hydroxyl radical 18%
• surface water 11%
• photochemistry 10%
• oxygenation 9%
• lamp 9%
• vapor pressure 8%
• probe 6%
• water 5%
• loss 4%
• removal 4%
• effect 4%
• rate 2%