TY - JOUR
T1 - Q-vector measurements
T2 - physical examination versus magnetic resonance imaging measurements and their relationship with tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance
AU - Graf, Kristin H.
AU - Tompkins, Marc
AU - Agel, Julie
AU - Arendt, Elizabeth A
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, Arthroscopy (ESSKA).
PY - 2018/3/1
Y1 - 2018/3/1
N2 - Purpose: An increased lateral quadriceps vector has been associated with lateral patellar dislocation. Surgical correction of this increased vector through tibial tubercle medialization is often recommended when the quadriceps vector is “excessive”. This can be evaluated by physical examination measurements of Q-angle and/or tubercle sulcus angle (TSA), as well as the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT–TG) distance. This study examined the relationship between three objective measurements of lateral quadriceps vector (TT–TG, Q-angle, TSA). A secondary goal was to relate lateral patellar tilt to these measurements. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing patellofemoral stabilization surgery from 9/2010 to 6/2011 were included. The Q-angle and TSA were measured on intra-operative physical examination. The TT–TG and patellar tilt were measured on MRI. TSA, Q-angle, and patellar tilt were compared to TT–TG using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The study cohort included 49 patients, ages 12–37 (mean 23.2); 62% female. The Pearson correlation coefficients showed (+) significance (p < 0.01) between the TT–TG and both TSA and Q-angle. Tilt and TT–TG were (+) non-significantly correlated. Despite positive correlations of each measurement with TT–TG, there is not uniform intra-patient correlation. In other words, if TT–TG is elevated for a patient, it does not guarantee that all other measurements, including tilt, are elevated in that individual patient. Conclusion: The TT–TG distance has significant positive correlation with the measurements of TSA and Q-angle in patients undergoing surgery for patellofemoral instability. The clinical relevance is that the variability within individual patients demonstrates the need for considering both TSA and TT–TG before and during surgical intervention to avoid overcorrection with a medial tibial tubercle osteotomy. Level of evidence: Diagnostic study, Level III.
AB - Purpose: An increased lateral quadriceps vector has been associated with lateral patellar dislocation. Surgical correction of this increased vector through tibial tubercle medialization is often recommended when the quadriceps vector is “excessive”. This can be evaluated by physical examination measurements of Q-angle and/or tubercle sulcus angle (TSA), as well as the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT–TG) distance. This study examined the relationship between three objective measurements of lateral quadriceps vector (TT–TG, Q-angle, TSA). A secondary goal was to relate lateral patellar tilt to these measurements. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing patellofemoral stabilization surgery from 9/2010 to 6/2011 were included. The Q-angle and TSA were measured on intra-operative physical examination. The TT–TG and patellar tilt were measured on MRI. TSA, Q-angle, and patellar tilt were compared to TT–TG using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The study cohort included 49 patients, ages 12–37 (mean 23.2); 62% female. The Pearson correlation coefficients showed (+) significance (p < 0.01) between the TT–TG and both TSA and Q-angle. Tilt and TT–TG were (+) non-significantly correlated. Despite positive correlations of each measurement with TT–TG, there is not uniform intra-patient correlation. In other words, if TT–TG is elevated for a patient, it does not guarantee that all other measurements, including tilt, are elevated in that individual patient. Conclusion: The TT–TG distance has significant positive correlation with the measurements of TSA and Q-angle in patients undergoing surgery for patellofemoral instability. The clinical relevance is that the variability within individual patients demonstrates the need for considering both TSA and TT–TG before and during surgical intervention to avoid overcorrection with a medial tibial tubercle osteotomy. Level of evidence: Diagnostic study, Level III.
KW - MRI
KW - Magnetic resonance imaging
KW - Patellar tilt
KW - Q angle
KW - Q vector
KW - Q-angle
KW - TSA
KW - TT–TG distance
KW - Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove
KW - Tubercle sulcus angle
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85017108836&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85017108836&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00167-017-4527-5
DO - 10.1007/s00167-017-4527-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 28378138
AN - SCOPUS:85017108836
SN - 0942-2056
VL - 26
SP - 697
EP - 704
JO - Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
JF - Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
IS - 3
ER -