Real-time magnetic resonance imaging-guided biopsy using smartframe® stereotaxis in the setting of a conventional diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging suite

BACKGROUND: Real-timemagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualization during stereotactic needle biopsies affords several valuable benefits to the neurosurgeon, including the opportunity to visually confirm the biopsy site at the time of surgery. Until now, reported experiences with this technique have been limited to the setting of intraoperative MRI or dedicated procedural MRI suites with modified ventilation systems. OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with 11 consecutive patients who underwent realtime MRI-guided biopsy performed using SmartFrame® stereotaxis (MRI Interventions, Irvine, California) in the setting of a conventional diagnostic MRI suite. METHODS: This is a case series of patients that underwent real-timeMRI-guided biopsy at a single institution. RESULTS: Four of the 11 lesions were previously biopsied by experienced neurosurgeons, yielding tissues that were nondiagnostic. Six of these lesions were sub-cubic centimeter in volume. One lesion was associated with aberrant venous anatomy. Two patients underwent laser thermal ablation in the same setting. Therewere no perioperative complications or unplanned 30-day readmission. All patients were discharged on postoperative day 1 to home. The operative time for the biopsy averaged 165±24 min. Illustrative examples are reviewed. CONCLUSION: Real-timeMRI-guided needle biopsy can be safely performed in the setting of a conventional diagnostic MRI suite. This technique provides neurosurgeons with the opportunity to visualize and confirm the biopsy site and allows for real-time adjustments in surgical maneuvers.