Abstract
Silver (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead (H. nobilis) carp (collectively bigheaded carp) are invasive fish that threaten aquatic ecosystems in the upper Midwest United States and the Laurentian Great Lakes. Controlling bigheaded carp is a priority of fisheries managers and one area of focus involves developing acoustic deterrents to prevent upstream migration. For an acoustic deterrent to be effective however, the hearing ability of bigheaded carp must be characterized. A previous study showed that bigheaded carp detected sound up to 3 kHz but this range is narrower than what has been reported for other ostariophysans. Therefore, silver and bighead carp frequency detection was evaluated in response to 100 Hz to 9 kHz using auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). AEPs were recorded from 100 Hz to 5 kHz. The lowest thresholds were at 500 Hz for both species (silver carp threshold: 80.6 ± 3.29 dB re 1 μPa SPLrms, bighead carp threshold: 90.5 ± 5.75 dB re 1 μPa SPLrms; mean ± SD). These results provide fisheries managers with better insight on effective acoustic stimuli for deterrent systems, however, to fully determine bigheaded carp hearing abilities, these results need to be compared with behavioral assessments.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | e0192561 |
| Journal | PloS one |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 2018 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. Funding was provided by the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area Invasive Species Program to AFM and from the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The authors wish to thank Alayna Mackiewicz from the University of Minnesota Duluth and Mark Gaikowski, Jon Amberg, and Kelsie Murchy from the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Science Center in La Crosse, WI. Fish were provided by Robin Calfee from the U.S. Geological Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center in Columbia, MO. Geoff Horseman and Simon Gray, from Cambridge Electronic Designs, provided technical support. Funding was provided by the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area Invasive Species Program and from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All supporting data used in this publication are available from ScienceBase at https://doi.org/10.5066/ F7M61JH0
Publisher Copyright:
©This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.