Review of the ocular angiogenesis animal models

Increasing interest in developing reliable and reproducible models to study angiogenesis has emerged due to recent advances in the treatment of eye disease with pathologic angiogenesis. This review provides a summary of the principal ocular animal models for angiogenesis. Models of anterior segment neovascularization include the corneal micropocket assay, used to study the influence of specific molecules/proteins in angiogenesis, and corneal chemical and suture induced injury, which mimic more closely the complex nature of the human disease. Angiogenesis models of the posterior segment include the well-known laser-induced injury of the choroid/Bruch's membrane, as well as the oxygen induced retinopathy and models of injections of pro-angiogenic/ inflammatory molecules. In addition, knockout or knock-in transgenic mice provide powerful tools in studying the role of specific proteins in angiogenesis.