Seasonal variations in the underground muon intensity as seen by MACRO

M. Ambrosio; R. Antolini; G. Auriemma; R. Baker; A. Baldini; G. C. Barbarino; B. C. Barish; G. Battistoni; R. Bellotti; C. Bemporad; P. Bernardini; H. Bilokon; V. Bisi; C. Bloise; T. Bosio; C. Bower; S. Bussino; F. Cafagna; M. Calicchio; D. Campana; M. Carboni; M. Castellano; S. Cecchini; F. Cei; V. Chiarella; A. Corona; S. Coutu; L. de Benedictis; G. de Cataldo; H. Dekhissi; C. de Marzo; I. de Mitri; M. de Vincenzi; A. di Credico; O. Erriquez; R. Fantini; C. Favuzzi; C. Forti; P. Fusco; G. Giacomelli; G. Giannini; N. Giglietto; M. Goretti; M. Grassi; P. Green; A. Grillo; F. Guarino; P. Guarnaccia; C. Gustavino; A. Habig; K. Hanson; A. Hawthorne; R. Heinz; J. T. Hong; E. Iarocci; E. Katsavounidis; E. Kearns; S. Kyriazopoulou; E. Lamanna; C. Lane; D. S. Levin; P. Lipari; G. Liu; R. Liu; N. P. Longley; M. J. Longo; G. Ludlam; F. Maaroufi; G. Mancarella; G. Mandrioli; A. Margiotta-Neri; A. Marini; D. Martello; A. Marzari-Chiesa; M. N. Mazziotta; D. G. Michael; S. Mikheyev; L. Miller; P. Monacelli; T. Montaruli; M. Monteno; S. Mufson; J. Musser; D. Nicoló; R. Nolty; C. Okada; C. Orth; G. Osteria; S. Paganini; O. Palamara; S. Parlati; V. Patera; L. Patrizii; R. Pazzi; C. W. Peck; S. Petrera; N. D. Pignatano; P. Pistilli; V. Popa; A. Rainó; J. Reynoldson; F. Ronga; U. Rubizzo; A. Sanzgiri; F. Sartogo; C. Satriano; L. Satta; E. Scapparone; K. Scholberg; A. Sciubba; P. Serra-Lugaresi; M. Severi; M. Sitta; P. Spinelli; M. Spinetti; M. Spurio; R. Steinberg; J. L. Stone; L. R. Sulak; A. Surdo; G. Tarlé; V. Togo; V. Valente; C. W. Walter; R. Webb

doi:10.1016/S0927-6505(97)00011-X

Seasonal variations in the underground muon intensity as seen by MACRO

M. Ambrosio, R. Antolini, G. Auriemma, R. Baker, A. Baldini, G. C. Barbarino, B. C. Barish, G. Battistoni, R. Bellotti, C. Bemporad, P. Bernardini, H. Bilokon, V. Bisi, C. Bloise, T. Bosio, C. Bower, S. Bussino, F. Cafagna, M. Calicchio, D. CampanaM. Carboni, M. Castellano, S. Cecchini, F. Cei, V. Chiarella, A. Corona, S. Coutu, L. de Benedictis, G. de Cataldo, H. Dekhissi, C. de Marzo, I. de Mitri, M. de Vincenzi, A. di Credico, O. Erriquez, R. Fantini, C. Favuzzi, C. Forti, P. Fusco, G. Giacomelli, G. Giannini, N. Giglietto, M. Goretti, M. Grassi, P. Green, A. Grillo, F. Guarino, P. Guarnaccia, C. Gustavino, A. Habig, K. Hanson, A. Hawthorne, R. Heinz, J. T. Hong, E. Iarocci, E. Katsavounidis, E. Kearns, S. Kyriazopoulou, E. Lamanna, C. Lane, D. S. Levin, P. Lipari, G. Liu, R. Liu, N. P. Longley, M. J. Longo, G. Ludlam, F. Maaroufi, G. Mancarella, G. Mandrioli, A. Margiotta-Neri, A. Marini, D. Martello, A. Marzari-Chiesa, M. N. Mazziotta, D. G. Michael, S. Mikheyev, L. Miller, P. Monacelli, T. Montaruli, M. Monteno, S. Mufson, J. Musser, D. Nicoló, R. Nolty, C. Okada, C. Orth, G. Osteria, S. Paganini, O. Palamara, S. Parlati, V. Patera, L. Patrizii, R. Pazzi, C. W. Peck, S. Petrera, N. D. Pignatano, P. Pistilli, V. Popa, A. Rainó, J. Reynoldson, F. Ronga, U. Rubizzo, A. Sanzgiri, F. Sartogo, C. Satriano, L. Satta, E. Scapparone, K. Scholberg, A. Sciubba, P. Serra-Lugaresi, M. Severi, M. Sitta, P. Spinelli, M. Spinetti, M. Spurio, R. Steinberg, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, A. Surdo, G. Tarlé, V. Togo, V. Valente, C. W. Walter, R. Webb

Physics & Astronomy (Duluth)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

116 Scopus citations

Abstract

Using 5.33 × 10⁶ single muons collected in 1.46 × 10⁴ live hours by MACRO during the period 1991-1994, we have searched for a correlation between variations in the underground muon rate, Ν_μ, and seasonal temperature variations in the atmosphere. These correlations are found to be present with high statistical significance. Analysis of the relatively complete December 1992-December 1994 subset of the data yields a value for the temperature coefficient, α_Τ = (Τ/Ν_μ)(∂Nu;_μ/∂Tau;) = 0.83 ± 0.13. Analysis of the total data set gives consistent results. We have compared this result with the hypothesis that the muons observed in MACRO come from pion decays alone. Although our result is consistent with the 'pion only' hypothesis, a discussion of the sensitivity of our data sample to the kaon component of the cascades leading to observed muons underground will also be presented.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	109-124
Number of pages	16
Journal	Astroparticle Physics
Volume	7
Issue number	1-2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-6505(97)00011-X
State	Published - Jun 1997

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We gratefully acknowledge the support of the director and of the staff of the Laboratori Nazionali de1G ran Sass0 and the invaluable assistanceo f the technical staff of the Institutions participating in the experiment.W e thank the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the U.S. Departmento f Energy and the U.S. National Science Foundation for their generous support of the MACRO experiment. We thank INFN for providing fellowships and grants (FAI) for non Italian citizens. We also wish to thank the IspettoratoT elecomunicazioni ed Assistenza Volo dell’Aeronautica Italiana for kindly providing the temperatured ata.

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Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Auriemma, G., Baker, R., Baldini, A., Barbarino, G. C., Barish, B. C., Battistoni, G., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bisi, V., Bloise, C., Bosio, T., Bower, C., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., ... Webb, R. (1997). Seasonal variations in the underground muon intensity as seen by MACRO. Astroparticle Physics, 7(1-2), 109-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-6505(97)00011-X

Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Baker, R, Baldini, A, Barbarino, GC, Barish, BC, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bosio, T, Bower, C, Bussino, S, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Castellano, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Corona, A, Coutu, S, de Benedictis, L, de Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, de Marzo, C, de Mitri, I, de Vincenzi, M, di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Fantini, R, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Goretti, M, Grassi, M, Green, P, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Guarnaccia, P, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Hawthorne, A, Heinz, R, Hong, JT, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Kearns, E, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, DS, Lipari, P, Liu, G, Liu, R, Longley, NP, Longo, MJ, Ludlam, G, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiotta-Neri, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari-Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, MN, Michael, DG, Mikheyev, S, Miller, L, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicoló, D, Nolty, R, Okada, C, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Paganini, S, Palamara, O, Parlati, S, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, CW, Petrera, S, Pignatano, ND, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Rainó, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rubizzo, U, Sanzgiri, A, Sartogo, F, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra-Lugaresi, P, Severi, M, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, JL, Sulak, LR, Surdo, A, Tarlé, G, Togo, V, Valente, V, Walter, CW & Webb, R 1997, 'Seasonal variations in the underground muon intensity as seen by MACRO', Astroparticle Physics, vol. 7, no. 1-2, pp. 109-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-6505(97)00011-X

@article{411f262e43ea4ae898df86ad37db874b,

title = "Seasonal variations in the underground muon intensity as seen by MACRO",

abstract = "Using 5.33 × 106 single muons collected in 1.46 × 104 live hours by MACRO during the period 1991-1994, we have searched for a correlation between variations in the underground muon rate, Νμ, and seasonal temperature variations in the atmosphere. These correlations are found to be present with high statistical significance. Analysis of the relatively complete December 1992-December 1994 subset of the data yields a value for the temperature coefficient, αΤ = (Τ/Νμ)(∂Nu;μ/∂Tau;) = 0.83 ± 0.13. Analysis of the total data set gives consistent results. We have compared this result with the hypothesis that the muons observed in MACRO come from pion decays alone. Although our result is consistent with the 'pion only' hypothesis, a discussion of the sensitivity of our data sample to the kaon component of the cascades leading to observed muons underground will also be presented.",

author = "M. Ambrosio and R. Antolini and G. Auriemma and R. Baker and A. Baldini and Barbarino, {G. C.} and Barish, {B. C.} and G. Battistoni and R. Bellotti and C. Bemporad and P. Bernardini and H. Bilokon and V. Bisi and C. Bloise and T. Bosio and C. Bower and S. Bussino and F. Cafagna and M. Calicchio and D. Campana and M. Carboni and M. Castellano and S. Cecchini and F. Cei and V. Chiarella and A. Corona and S. Coutu and {de Benedictis}, L. and {de Cataldo}, G. and H. Dekhissi and {de Marzo}, C. and {de Mitri}, I. and {de Vincenzi}, M. and {di Credico}, A. and O. Erriquez and R. Fantini and C. Favuzzi and C. Forti and P. Fusco and G. Giacomelli and G. Giannini and N. Giglietto and M. Goretti and M. Grassi and P. Green and A. Grillo and F. Guarino and P. Guarnaccia and C. Gustavino and A. Habig and K. Hanson and A. Hawthorne and R. Heinz and Hong, {J. T.} and E. Iarocci and E. Katsavounidis and E. Kearns and S. Kyriazopoulou and E. Lamanna and C. Lane and Levin, {D. S.} and P. Lipari and G. Liu and R. Liu and Longley, {N. P.} and Longo, {M. J.} and G. Ludlam and F. Maaroufi and G. Mancarella and G. Mandrioli and A. Margiotta-Neri and A. Marini and D. Martello and A. Marzari-Chiesa and Mazziotta, {M. N.} and Michael, {D. G.} and S. Mikheyev and L. Miller and P. Monacelli and T. Montaruli and M. Monteno and S. Mufson and J. Musser and D. Nicol{\'o} and R. Nolty and C. Okada and C. Orth and G. Osteria and S. Paganini and O. Palamara and S. Parlati and V. Patera and L. Patrizii and R. Pazzi and Peck, {C. W.} and S. Petrera and Pignatano, {N. D.} and P. Pistilli and V. Popa and A. Rain{\'o} and J. Reynoldson and F. Ronga and U. Rubizzo and A. Sanzgiri and F. Sartogo and C. Satriano and L. Satta and E. Scapparone and K. Scholberg and A. Sciubba and P. Serra-Lugaresi and M. Severi and M. Sitta and P. Spinelli and M. Spinetti and M. Spurio and R. Steinberg and Stone, {J. L.} and Sulak, {L. R.} and A. Surdo and G. Tarl{\'e} and V. Togo and V. Valente and Walter, {C. W.} and R. Webb",

note = "Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the support of the director and of the staff of the Laboratori Nazionali de1G ran Sass0 and the invaluable assistanceo f the technical staff of the Institutions participating in the experiment.W e thank the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the U.S. Departmento f Energy and the U.S. National Science Foundation for their generous support of the MACRO experiment. We thank INFN for providing fellowships and grants (FAI) for non Italian citizens. We also wish to thank the IspettoratoT elecomunicazioni ed Assistenza Volo dell{\textquoteright}Aeronautica Italiana for kindly providing the temperatured ata.",

year = "1997",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1016/S0927-6505(97)00011-X",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "7",

pages = "109--124",

journal = "Astroparticle Physics",

issn = "0927-6505",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "1-2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Seasonal variations in the underground muon intensity as seen by MACRO

AU - Ambrosio, M.

AU - Antolini, R.

AU - Auriemma, G.

AU - Baker, R.

AU - Baldini, A.

AU - Barbarino, G. C.

AU - Barish, B. C.

AU - Battistoni, G.

AU - Bellotti, R.

AU - Bemporad, C.

AU - Bernardini, P.

AU - Bilokon, H.

AU - Bisi, V.

AU - Bloise, C.

AU - Bosio, T.

AU - Bower, C.

AU - Bussino, S.

AU - Cafagna, F.

AU - Calicchio, M.

AU - Campana, D.

AU - Carboni, M.

AU - Castellano, M.

AU - Cecchini, S.

AU - Cei, F.

AU - Chiarella, V.

AU - Corona, A.

AU - Coutu, S.

AU - de Benedictis, L.

AU - de Cataldo, G.

AU - Dekhissi, H.

AU - de Marzo, C.

AU - de Mitri, I.

AU - de Vincenzi, M.

AU - di Credico, A.

AU - Erriquez, O.

AU - Fantini, R.

AU - Favuzzi, C.

AU - Forti, C.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Giacomelli, G.

AU - Giannini, G.

AU - Giglietto, N.

AU - Goretti, M.

AU - Grassi, M.

AU - Green, P.

AU - Grillo, A.

AU - Guarino, F.

AU - Guarnaccia, P.

AU - Gustavino, C.

AU - Habig, A.

AU - Hanson, K.

AU - Hawthorne, A.

AU - Heinz, R.

AU - Hong, J. T.

AU - Iarocci, E.

AU - Katsavounidis, E.

AU - Kearns, E.

AU - Kyriazopoulou, S.

AU - Lamanna, E.

AU - Lane, C.

AU - Levin, D. S.

AU - Lipari, P.

AU - Liu, G.

AU - Liu, R.

AU - Longley, N. P.

AU - Longo, M. J.

AU - Ludlam, G.

AU - Maaroufi, F.

AU - Mancarella, G.

AU - Mandrioli, G.

AU - Margiotta-Neri, A.

AU - Marini, A.

AU - Martello, D.

AU - Marzari-Chiesa, A.

AU - Mazziotta, M. N.

AU - Michael, D. G.

AU - Mikheyev, S.

AU - Miller, L.

AU - Monacelli, P.

AU - Montaruli, T.

AU - Monteno, M.

AU - Mufson, S.

AU - Musser, J.

AU - Nicoló, D.

AU - Nolty, R.

AU - Okada, C.

AU - Orth, C.

AU - Osteria, G.

AU - Paganini, S.

AU - Palamara, O.

AU - Parlati, S.

AU - Patera, V.

AU - Patrizii, L.

AU - Pazzi, R.

AU - Peck, C. W.

AU - Petrera, S.

AU - Pignatano, N. D.

AU - Pistilli, P.

AU - Popa, V.

AU - Rainó, A.

AU - Reynoldson, J.

AU - Ronga, F.

AU - Rubizzo, U.

AU - Sanzgiri, A.

AU - Sartogo, F.

AU - Satriano, C.

AU - Satta, L.

AU - Scapparone, E.

AU - Scholberg, K.

AU - Sciubba, A.

AU - Serra-Lugaresi, P.

AU - Severi, M.

AU - Sitta, M.

AU - Spinelli, P.

AU - Spinetti, M.

AU - Spurio, M.

AU - Steinberg, R.

AU - Stone, J. L.

AU - Sulak, L. R.

AU - Surdo, A.

AU - Tarlé, G.

AU - Togo, V.

AU - Valente, V.

AU - Walter, C. W.

AU - Webb, R.

N1 - Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the support of the director and of the staff of the Laboratori Nazionali de1G ran Sass0 and the invaluable assistanceo f the technical staff of the Institutions participating in the experiment.W e thank the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the U.S. Departmento f Energy and the U.S. National Science Foundation for their generous support of the MACRO experiment. We thank INFN for providing fellowships and grants (FAI) for non Italian citizens. We also wish to thank the IspettoratoT elecomunicazioni ed Assistenza Volo dell’Aeronautica Italiana for kindly providing the temperatured ata.

PY - 1997/6

Y1 - 1997/6

N2 - Using 5.33 × 106 single muons collected in 1.46 × 104 live hours by MACRO during the period 1991-1994, we have searched for a correlation between variations in the underground muon rate, Νμ, and seasonal temperature variations in the atmosphere. These correlations are found to be present with high statistical significance. Analysis of the relatively complete December 1992-December 1994 subset of the data yields a value for the temperature coefficient, αΤ = (Τ/Νμ)(∂Nu;μ/∂Tau;) = 0.83 ± 0.13. Analysis of the total data set gives consistent results. We have compared this result with the hypothesis that the muons observed in MACRO come from pion decays alone. Although our result is consistent with the 'pion only' hypothesis, a discussion of the sensitivity of our data sample to the kaon component of the cascades leading to observed muons underground will also be presented.

AB - Using 5.33 × 106 single muons collected in 1.46 × 104 live hours by MACRO during the period 1991-1994, we have searched for a correlation between variations in the underground muon rate, Νμ, and seasonal temperature variations in the atmosphere. These correlations are found to be present with high statistical significance. Analysis of the relatively complete December 1992-December 1994 subset of the data yields a value for the temperature coefficient, αΤ = (Τ/Νμ)(∂Nu;μ/∂Tau;) = 0.83 ± 0.13. Analysis of the total data set gives consistent results. We have compared this result with the hypothesis that the muons observed in MACRO come from pion decays alone. Although our result is consistent with the 'pion only' hypothesis, a discussion of the sensitivity of our data sample to the kaon component of the cascades leading to observed muons underground will also be presented.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0031161461&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0031161461&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/S0927-6505(97)00011-X

DO - 10.1016/S0927-6505(97)00011-X

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:0031161461

SN - 0927-6505

VL - 7

SP - 109

EP - 124

JO - Astroparticle Physics

JF - Astroparticle Physics

IS - 1-2

ER -

Seasonal variations in the underground muon intensity as seen by MACRO

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