Small for gestational age and adulthood risk of disability pension: Thecontribution of childhood and adulthood conditions

J. Helgertz; D. Vågerö

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.11.052

Small for gestational age and adulthood risk of disability pension: Thecontribution of childhood and adulthood conditions

J. Helgertz, D. Vågerö

Institute for Social Research & Data Innovation

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6 Scopus citations

Abstract

Early exiting from the labor force and into disability pension (DP) represents a major social problem in Sweden and elsewhere. We examined how being asymmetric (A-SGA) or symmetric (S-SGA) small for gestational age predicts transitioning into DP.We analyzed a longitudinal sample of 8125 men and women from the Stockholm Birth Cohort (SBC), born in 1953 and not on DP in 1990. The SBC consists of data from various sources, including self-reported information and data from administrative registers. The follow-up period was from 1991 to 2009. Yearly information on the receipt of DP benefits from register data was operationalized as a dichotomous variable. 13 percent of the sample moved into DP during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine whether disadvantageous fetal growth - A-SGA and S-SGA - predicted DP.Men and women born A-SGA had a substantially increased hazard of DP. The full model suggested a hazard ratio of 1.68 (CI: 1.11-2.54), only being affected slightly by adulthood conditions. Several childhood conditions were also associated with DP. Such factors, however, mainly affected DP risk through adulthood conditions. The effect of SGA on DP appeared particularly strong among individuals from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds.The evidence presented suggests that being A-SGA influences the risk of DP, independent of childhood and adulthood conditions, and similarly for men and women. Due to A-SGA being rather infrequent, reducing the occurrence of A-SGA would, however, only have a marginal impact on the stock of DP pensioners. For the individual affected, the elevation in the risk of DP was nevertheless substantial. Other childhood conditions exercised a larger influence on the stock of DP recipients, but they mostly operated through adulthood attainment. The importance of socioeconomic resources in childhood for the long term health consequences of SGA is interesting from a policy perspective and warrants further research. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	249-257
Number of pages	9
Journal	Social Science and Medicine
Volume	119
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.11.052
State	Published - 2014

Bibliographical note

Cited By :4

Export Date: 26 December 2018

CODEN: SSMDE

Correspondence Address: Helgertz, J.; Centre for Economic Demography, Department of Economic History, Lund University, Box 7083, Sweden

Funding details: 2006:79

Funding details: Vetenskapsrådet, VR

Funding details: Forskningsrådet för Arbetsliv och Socialvetenskap, FAS, 2011:1338

Funding text 1: The authors wishes to thank the editors as well as the anonymous referees for constructive comments on the manuscript. Furthermore, we acknowledge the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet) for co-financing the further development and maintaining of the Stockholm Birth Cohort. Valuable assistance from the administrative staff at CHESS is also gratefully acknowledged. Jonas Helgertz has received financial support from the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research for the post-doc project ” Early-life health conditions and adulthood socioeconomic outcomes in Sweden, 1968-2001” (FAS/FORTE, 2011:1338), as well as from the Centre for Economic Demography Linneaus Grant, financed by the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, 2006:79). Appendix A

Keywords

1991-2009
Childhood social conditions
Cox proportional hazards
Disability pension
In-utero conditions
Sweden
disability
growth response
health risk
pension system
pregnancy
risk assessment
social problem
socioeconomic status
adult
Article
birth order
blue collar worker
disability pension
educational status
family size
female
human
illegitimacy
male
married person
maternal age
pension
single (marital status)
small for date infant
socioeconomics
urban population
white collar worker
age distribution
body size
disabled person
epidemiology
gestational age
health disparity
middle aged
proportional hazards model
sex ratio
social care
statistics and numerical data
Adult
Age Distribution
Body Size
Disabled Persons
Female
Gestational Age
Health Status Disparities
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Proportional Hazards Models
Public Assistance
Sex Distribution
Socioeconomic Factors

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10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.11.052

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@article{ae47a0e22657481bb352aceaa44eda09,

title = "Small for gestational age and adulthood risk of disability pension: Thecontribution of childhood and adulthood conditions",

abstract = "Early exiting from the labor force and into disability pension (DP) represents a major social problem in Sweden and elsewhere. We examined how being asymmetric (A-SGA) or symmetric (S-SGA) small for gestational age predicts transitioning into DP.We analyzed a longitudinal sample of 8125 men and women from the Stockholm Birth Cohort (SBC), born in 1953 and not on DP in 1990. The SBC consists of data from various sources, including self-reported information and data from administrative registers. The follow-up period was from 1991 to 2009. Yearly information on the receipt of DP benefits from register data was operationalized as a dichotomous variable. 13 percent of the sample moved into DP during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine whether disadvantageous fetal growth - A-SGA and S-SGA - predicted DP.Men and women born A-SGA had a substantially increased hazard of DP. The full model suggested a hazard ratio of 1.68 (CI: 1.11-2.54), only being affected slightly by adulthood conditions. Several childhood conditions were also associated with DP. Such factors, however, mainly affected DP risk through adulthood conditions. The effect of SGA on DP appeared particularly strong among individuals from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds.The evidence presented suggests that being A-SGA influences the risk of DP, independent of childhood and adulthood conditions, and similarly for men and women. Due to A-SGA being rather infrequent, reducing the occurrence of A-SGA would, however, only have a marginal impact on the stock of DP pensioners. For the individual affected, the elevation in the risk of DP was nevertheless substantial. Other childhood conditions exercised a larger influence on the stock of DP recipients, but they mostly operated through adulthood attainment. The importance of socioeconomic resources in childhood for the long term health consequences of SGA is interesting from a policy perspective and warrants further research. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier Ltd.",

keywords = "1991-2009, Childhood social conditions, Cox proportional hazards, Disability pension, In-utero conditions, Sweden, disability, growth response, health risk, pension system, pregnancy, risk assessment, social problem, socioeconomic status, adult, Article, birth order, blue collar worker, disability pension, educational status, family size, female, human, illegitimacy, male, married person, maternal age, pension, single (marital status), small for date infant, socioeconomics, urban population, white collar worker, age distribution, body size, disabled person, epidemiology, gestational age, health disparity, middle aged, proportional hazards model, sex ratio, social care, statistics and numerical data, Adult, Age Distribution, Body Size, Disabled Persons, Female, Gestational Age, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Public Assistance, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors",

author = "J. Helgertz and D. V{\aa}ger{\"o}",

note = "Cited By :4 Export Date: 26 December 2018 CODEN: SSMDE Correspondence Address: Helgertz, J.; Centre for Economic Demography, Department of Economic History, Lund University, Box 7083, Sweden Funding details: 2006:79 Funding details: Vetenskapsr{\aa}det, VR Funding details: Forskningsr{\aa}det f{\"o}r Arbetsliv och Socialvetenskap, FAS, 2011:1338 Funding text 1: The authors wishes to thank the editors as well as the anonymous referees for constructive comments on the manuscript. Furthermore, we acknowledge the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsr{\aa}det) for co-financing the further development and maintaining of the Stockholm Birth Cohort. Valuable assistance from the administrative staff at CHESS is also gratefully acknowledged. Jonas Helgertz has received financial support from the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research for the post-doc project ” Early-life health conditions and adulthood socioeconomic outcomes in Sweden, 1968-2001” (FAS/FORTE, 2011:1338), as well as from the Centre for Economic Demography Linneaus Grant, financed by the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsr{\aa}det, 2006:79). Appendix A",

year = "2014",

doi = "10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.11.052",

language = "English",

volume = "119",

pages = "249--257",

journal = "Social Science and Medicine",

issn = "0277-9536",

publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Small for gestational age and adulthood risk of disability pension: Thecontribution of childhood and adulthood conditions

AU - Helgertz, J.

AU - Vågerö, D.

N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 26 December 2018 CODEN: SSMDE Correspondence Address: Helgertz, J.; Centre for Economic Demography, Department of Economic History, Lund University, Box 7083, Sweden Funding details: 2006:79 Funding details: Vetenskapsrådet, VR Funding details: Forskningsrådet för Arbetsliv och Socialvetenskap, FAS, 2011:1338 Funding text 1: The authors wishes to thank the editors as well as the anonymous referees for constructive comments on the manuscript. Furthermore, we acknowledge the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet) for co-financing the further development and maintaining of the Stockholm Birth Cohort. Valuable assistance from the administrative staff at CHESS is also gratefully acknowledged. Jonas Helgertz has received financial support from the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research for the post-doc project ” Early-life health conditions and adulthood socioeconomic outcomes in Sweden, 1968-2001” (FAS/FORTE, 2011:1338), as well as from the Centre for Economic Demography Linneaus Grant, financed by the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, 2006:79). Appendix A

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - Early exiting from the labor force and into disability pension (DP) represents a major social problem in Sweden and elsewhere. We examined how being asymmetric (A-SGA) or symmetric (S-SGA) small for gestational age predicts transitioning into DP.We analyzed a longitudinal sample of 8125 men and women from the Stockholm Birth Cohort (SBC), born in 1953 and not on DP in 1990. The SBC consists of data from various sources, including self-reported information and data from administrative registers. The follow-up period was from 1991 to 2009. Yearly information on the receipt of DP benefits from register data was operationalized as a dichotomous variable. 13 percent of the sample moved into DP during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine whether disadvantageous fetal growth - A-SGA and S-SGA - predicted DP.Men and women born A-SGA had a substantially increased hazard of DP. The full model suggested a hazard ratio of 1.68 (CI: 1.11-2.54), only being affected slightly by adulthood conditions. Several childhood conditions were also associated with DP. Such factors, however, mainly affected DP risk through adulthood conditions. The effect of SGA on DP appeared particularly strong among individuals from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds.The evidence presented suggests that being A-SGA influences the risk of DP, independent of childhood and adulthood conditions, and similarly for men and women. Due to A-SGA being rather infrequent, reducing the occurrence of A-SGA would, however, only have a marginal impact on the stock of DP pensioners. For the individual affected, the elevation in the risk of DP was nevertheless substantial. Other childhood conditions exercised a larger influence on the stock of DP recipients, but they mostly operated through adulthood attainment. The importance of socioeconomic resources in childhood for the long term health consequences of SGA is interesting from a policy perspective and warrants further research. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

AB - Early exiting from the labor force and into disability pension (DP) represents a major social problem in Sweden and elsewhere. We examined how being asymmetric (A-SGA) or symmetric (S-SGA) small for gestational age predicts transitioning into DP.We analyzed a longitudinal sample of 8125 men and women from the Stockholm Birth Cohort (SBC), born in 1953 and not on DP in 1990. The SBC consists of data from various sources, including self-reported information and data from administrative registers. The follow-up period was from 1991 to 2009. Yearly information on the receipt of DP benefits from register data was operationalized as a dichotomous variable. 13 percent of the sample moved into DP during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine whether disadvantageous fetal growth - A-SGA and S-SGA - predicted DP.Men and women born A-SGA had a substantially increased hazard of DP. The full model suggested a hazard ratio of 1.68 (CI: 1.11-2.54), only being affected slightly by adulthood conditions. Several childhood conditions were also associated with DP. Such factors, however, mainly affected DP risk through adulthood conditions. The effect of SGA on DP appeared particularly strong among individuals from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds.The evidence presented suggests that being A-SGA influences the risk of DP, independent of childhood and adulthood conditions, and similarly for men and women. Due to A-SGA being rather infrequent, reducing the occurrence of A-SGA would, however, only have a marginal impact on the stock of DP pensioners. For the individual affected, the elevation in the risk of DP was nevertheless substantial. Other childhood conditions exercised a larger influence on the stock of DP recipients, but they mostly operated through adulthood attainment. The importance of socioeconomic resources in childhood for the long term health consequences of SGA is interesting from a policy perspective and warrants further research. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

KW - 1991-2009

KW - Childhood social conditions

KW - Cox proportional hazards

KW - Disability pension

KW - In-utero conditions

KW - Sweden

KW - disability

KW - growth response

KW - health risk

KW - pension system

KW - pregnancy

KW - risk assessment

KW - social problem

KW - socioeconomic status

KW - adult

KW - Article

KW - birth order

KW - blue collar worker

KW - disability pension

KW - educational status

KW - family size

KW - female

KW - human

KW - illegitimacy

KW - male

KW - married person

KW - maternal age

KW - pension

KW - single (marital status)

KW - small for date infant

KW - socioeconomics

KW - urban population

KW - white collar worker

KW - age distribution

KW - body size

KW - disabled person

KW - epidemiology

KW - gestational age

KW - health disparity

KW - middle aged

KW - proportional hazards model

KW - sex ratio

KW - social care

KW - statistics and numerical data

KW - Adult

KW - Age Distribution

KW - Body Size

KW - Disabled Persons

KW - Female

KW - Gestational Age

KW - Health Status Disparities

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Proportional Hazards Models

KW - Public Assistance

KW - Sex Distribution

KW - Socioeconomic Factors

U2 - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.11.052

DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.11.052

M3 - Article

C2 - 24423878

SN - 0277-9536

VL - 119

SP - 249

EP - 257

JO - Social Science and Medicine

JF - Social Science and Medicine

ER -

Small for gestational age and adulthood risk of disability pension: Thecontribution of childhood and adulthood conditions

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access

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