Snacking characteristics and patterns and their associations with diet quality and BMI in the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research Consortium

Madison N. Lecroy; Kimberly P. Truesdale; Donna M. Matheson; Sharon M. Karp; Shirley M. Moore; Thomas N. Robinson; Jerica M. Berge; Holly L. Nicastro; Alicia J. Thomas

doi:10.1017/S1368980019000958

Snacking characteristics and patterns and their associations with diet quality and BMI in the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research Consortium

Madison N. Lecroy, Kimberly P. Truesdale, Donna M. Matheson, Sharon M. Karp, Shirley M. Moore, Thomas N. Robinson, Jerica M. Berge, Holly L. Nicastro, Alicia J. Thomas

Family Medicine and Community Health (Twin Cities)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: To describe snacking characteristics and patterns in children and examine associations with diet quality and BMI.Design: Children's weight and height were measured. Participants/adult proxies completed multiple 24 h dietary recalls. Snack occasions were self-identified. Snack patterns were derived for each sample using exploratory factor analysis. Associations of snacking characteristics and patterns with Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score and BMI were examined using multivariable linear regression models.Setting: Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) Consortium, USA: NET-Works, GROW, GOALS and IMPACT studies.Participants: Predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minorities: NET-Works (n 534, 2-4-year-olds); GROW (n 610, 3-5-year-olds); GOALS (n 241, 7-11-year-olds); IMPACT (n 360, 10-13-year-olds).Results: Two snack patterns were derived for three studies: a meal-like pattern and a beverage pattern. The IMPACT study had a similar meal-like pattern and a dairy/grains pattern. A positive association was observed between meal-like pattern adherence and HEI-2010 score (P for trend < 0-01) and snack occasion frequency and HEI-2010 score (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, 0-14 (0-04, 0-23); GROW, 0-12 (0-02, 0-21)) among younger children. A preference for snacking while using a screen was inversely associated with HEI-2010 score in all studies except IMPACT (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, -3-15 (-5-37, -0-92); GROW, -2-44 (-4-27, -0-61); GOALS, -5-80 (-8-74, -2-86)). Associations with BMI were almost all null.Conclusions: Meal-like and beverage patterns described most children's snack intake, although patterns for non-Hispanic Blacks or adolescents may differ. Diets of 2-5-year-olds may benefit from frequent meal-like pattern snack consumption and diets of all children may benefit from decreasing screen use during eating occasions.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	3189-3199
Number of pages	11
Journal	Public health nutrition
Volume	22
Issue number	17
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019000958
State	Published - Dec 1 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Financial support: This research was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development and the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (grant numbers U01 HL103561, U01 HL103620, U01 HL103622, U01 HL103629, U01 HD068890, UL 1RR024989 and NIH DK56350). The content expressed in this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, or the US Department of Health and Human Services. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, and the US Department of Health and Human Services had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Conflict of interest: None. Authorship : M.N.L., K.P.T., D.M.M., T.N.R., J.M.B. and H.L.N. designed the research question; D.M.M., J.M.B. and A.J.T. collected data hands-on; S.M.M., T.N.R. and J.M.B. provided essential data sets; M.N.L. analysed the data; M.N.L. and K.P.T. wrote the manuscript; D.M.M., S.M.K., S.M.M., T.N.R. and J.M.B. substantially edited and critically reviewed the manuscript; M.N.L. had primary responsibility for final content. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Ethics of human subject participation: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Minnesota, Vanderbilt University, Stanford University and Case Western Reserve University. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.

Funding Information:
This research was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development and the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (grant numbers U01 HL103561, U01 HL103620, U01 HL103622, U01 HL103629, U01 HD068890, UL 1RR024989 and NIH DK56350). The content expressed in this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, or the US Department of Health and Human Services. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, and the US Department of Health and Human Services had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Conflict of interest: None. Authorship: M.N.L., K.P.T., D.M.M., T.N.R., J.M.B. and H.L.N. designed the research question; D.M.M., J.M.B. and A.J.T. collected data hands-on; S.M.M., T.N.R. and J.M.B. provided essential data sets; M.N.L. analysed the data; M.N.L. and K.P.T. wrote the manuscript; D.M.M., S.M.K., S.M.M., T.N.R. and J.M.B. substantially edited and critically reviewed the manuscript; M.N.L. had primary responsibility for final content. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Ethics of human subject participation: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Minnesota, Vanderbilt University, Stanford University and Case Western Reserve University. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.

Publisher Copyright:
© The Authors 2019.

Keywords

Child diet
Childhood obesity
Dietary pattern
Screen use
Snack
USA

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access

10.1017/S1368980019000958

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6854314

OpenUrl availability

Full text

Cite this

Lecroy, M. N., Truesdale, K. P., Matheson, D. M., Karp, S. M., Moore, S. M., Robinson, T. N., Berge, J. M., Nicastro, H. L., & Thomas, A. J. (2019). Snacking characteristics and patterns and their associations with diet quality and BMI in the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research Consortium. Public health nutrition, 22(17), 3189-3199. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019000958

Lecroy, MN, Truesdale, KP, Matheson, DM, Karp, SM, Moore, SM, Robinson, TN, Berge, JM, Nicastro, HL & Thomas, AJ 2019, 'Snacking characteristics and patterns and their associations with diet quality and BMI in the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research Consortium', Public health nutrition, vol. 22, no. 17, pp. 3189-3199. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019000958

@article{f5a88ddb0c3b43a698a8c7deecfc46a1,

title = "Snacking characteristics and patterns and their associations with diet quality and BMI in the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research Consortium",

abstract = "Objective: To describe snacking characteristics and patterns in children and examine associations with diet quality and BMI.Design: Children's weight and height were measured. Participants/adult proxies completed multiple 24 h dietary recalls. Snack occasions were self-identified. Snack patterns were derived for each sample using exploratory factor analysis. Associations of snacking characteristics and patterns with Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score and BMI were examined using multivariable linear regression models.Setting: Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) Consortium, USA: NET-Works, GROW, GOALS and IMPACT studies.Participants: Predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minorities: NET-Works (n 534, 2-4-year-olds); GROW (n 610, 3-5-year-olds); GOALS (n 241, 7-11-year-olds); IMPACT (n 360, 10-13-year-olds).Results: Two snack patterns were derived for three studies: a meal-like pattern and a beverage pattern. The IMPACT study had a similar meal-like pattern and a dairy/grains pattern. A positive association was observed between meal-like pattern adherence and HEI-2010 score (P for trend < 0-01) and snack occasion frequency and HEI-2010 score (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, 0-14 (0-04, 0-23); GROW, 0-12 (0-02, 0-21)) among younger children. A preference for snacking while using a screen was inversely associated with HEI-2010 score in all studies except IMPACT (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, -3-15 (-5-37, -0-92); GROW, -2-44 (-4-27, -0-61); GOALS, -5-80 (-8-74, -2-86)). Associations with BMI were almost all null.Conclusions: Meal-like and beverage patterns described most children's snack intake, although patterns for non-Hispanic Blacks or adolescents may differ. Diets of 2-5-year-olds may benefit from frequent meal-like pattern snack consumption and diets of all children may benefit from decreasing screen use during eating occasions.",

keywords = "Child diet, Childhood obesity, Dietary pattern, Screen use, Snack, USA",

author = "Lecroy, {Madison N.} and Truesdale, {Kimberly P.} and Matheson, {Donna M.} and Karp, {Sharon M.} and Moore, {Shirley M.} and Robinson, {Thomas N.} and Berge, {Jerica M.} and Nicastro, {Holly L.} and Thomas, {Alicia J.}",

note = "Funding Information: Financial support: This research was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development and the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (grant numbers U01 HL103561, U01 HL103620, U01 HL103622, U01 HL103629, U01 HD068890, UL 1RR024989 and NIH DK56350). The content expressed in this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, or the US Department of Health and Human Services. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, and the US Department of Health and Human Services had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Conflict of interest: None. Authorship : M.N.L., K.P.T., D.M.M., T.N.R., J.M.B. and H.L.N. designed the research question; D.M.M., J.M.B. and A.J.T. collected data hands-on; S.M.M., T.N.R. and J.M.B. provided essential data sets; M.N.L. analysed the data; M.N.L. and K.P.T. wrote the manuscript; D.M.M., S.M.K., S.M.M., T.N.R. and J.M.B. substantially edited and critically reviewed the manuscript; M.N.L. had primary responsibility for final content. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Ethics of human subject participation: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Minnesota, Vanderbilt University, Stanford University and Case Western Reserve University. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Funding Information: This research was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development and the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (grant numbers U01 HL103561, U01 HL103620, U01 HL103622, U01 HL103629, U01 HD068890, UL 1RR024989 and NIH DK56350). The content expressed in this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, or the US Department of Health and Human Services. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, and the US Department of Health and Human Services had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Conflict of interest: None. Authorship: M.N.L., K.P.T., D.M.M., T.N.R., J.M.B. and H.L.N. designed the research question; D.M.M., J.M.B. and A.J.T. collected data hands-on; S.M.M., T.N.R. and J.M.B. provided essential data sets; M.N.L. analysed the data; M.N.L. and K.P.T. wrote the manuscript; D.M.M., S.M.K., S.M.M., T.N.R. and J.M.B. substantially edited and critically reviewed the manuscript; M.N.L. had primary responsibility for final content. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Ethics of human subject participation: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Minnesota, Vanderbilt University, Stanford University and Case Western Reserve University. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Authors 2019.",

year = "2019",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1017/S1368980019000958",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "22",

pages = "3189--3199",

journal = "Public health nutrition",

issn = "1368-9800",

publisher = "Cambridge University Press",

number = "17",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Snacking characteristics and patterns and their associations with diet quality and BMI in the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research Consortium

AU - Lecroy, Madison N.

AU - Truesdale, Kimberly P.

AU - Matheson, Donna M.

AU - Karp, Sharon M.

AU - Moore, Shirley M.

AU - Robinson, Thomas N.

AU - Berge, Jerica M.

AU - Nicastro, Holly L.

AU - Thomas, Alicia J.

N1 - Funding Information: Financial support: This research was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development and the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (grant numbers U01 HL103561, U01 HL103620, U01 HL103622, U01 HL103629, U01 HD068890, UL 1RR024989 and NIH DK56350). The content expressed in this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, or the US Department of Health and Human Services. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, and the US Department of Health and Human Services had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Conflict of interest: None. Authorship : M.N.L., K.P.T., D.M.M., T.N.R., J.M.B. and H.L.N. designed the research question; D.M.M., J.M.B. and A.J.T. collected data hands-on; S.M.M., T.N.R. and J.M.B. provided essential data sets; M.N.L. analysed the data; M.N.L. and K.P.T. wrote the manuscript; D.M.M., S.M.K., S.M.M., T.N.R. and J.M.B. substantially edited and critically reviewed the manuscript; M.N.L. had primary responsibility for final content. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Ethics of human subject participation: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Minnesota, Vanderbilt University, Stanford University and Case Western Reserve University. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Funding Information: This research was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development and the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (grant numbers U01 HL103561, U01 HL103620, U01 HL103622, U01 HL103629, U01 HD068890, UL 1RR024989 and NIH DK56350). The content expressed in this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, or the US Department of Health and Human Services. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, and the US Department of Health and Human Services had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Conflict of interest: None. Authorship: M.N.L., K.P.T., D.M.M., T.N.R., J.M.B. and H.L.N. designed the research question; D.M.M., J.M.B. and A.J.T. collected data hands-on; S.M.M., T.N.R. and J.M.B. provided essential data sets; M.N.L. analysed the data; M.N.L. and K.P.T. wrote the manuscript; D.M.M., S.M.K., S.M.M., T.N.R. and J.M.B. substantially edited and critically reviewed the manuscript; M.N.L. had primary responsibility for final content. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Ethics of human subject participation: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Minnesota, Vanderbilt University, Stanford University and Case Western Reserve University. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Publisher Copyright: © The Authors 2019.

PY - 2019/12/1

Y1 - 2019/12/1

N2 - Objective: To describe snacking characteristics and patterns in children and examine associations with diet quality and BMI.Design: Children's weight and height were measured. Participants/adult proxies completed multiple 24 h dietary recalls. Snack occasions were self-identified. Snack patterns were derived for each sample using exploratory factor analysis. Associations of snacking characteristics and patterns with Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score and BMI were examined using multivariable linear regression models.Setting: Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) Consortium, USA: NET-Works, GROW, GOALS and IMPACT studies.Participants: Predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minorities: NET-Works (n 534, 2-4-year-olds); GROW (n 610, 3-5-year-olds); GOALS (n 241, 7-11-year-olds); IMPACT (n 360, 10-13-year-olds).Results: Two snack patterns were derived for three studies: a meal-like pattern and a beverage pattern. The IMPACT study had a similar meal-like pattern and a dairy/grains pattern. A positive association was observed between meal-like pattern adherence and HEI-2010 score (P for trend < 0-01) and snack occasion frequency and HEI-2010 score (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, 0-14 (0-04, 0-23); GROW, 0-12 (0-02, 0-21)) among younger children. A preference for snacking while using a screen was inversely associated with HEI-2010 score in all studies except IMPACT (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, -3-15 (-5-37, -0-92); GROW, -2-44 (-4-27, -0-61); GOALS, -5-80 (-8-74, -2-86)). Associations with BMI were almost all null.Conclusions: Meal-like and beverage patterns described most children's snack intake, although patterns for non-Hispanic Blacks or adolescents may differ. Diets of 2-5-year-olds may benefit from frequent meal-like pattern snack consumption and diets of all children may benefit from decreasing screen use during eating occasions.

AB - Objective: To describe snacking characteristics and patterns in children and examine associations with diet quality and BMI.Design: Children's weight and height were measured. Participants/adult proxies completed multiple 24 h dietary recalls. Snack occasions were self-identified. Snack patterns were derived for each sample using exploratory factor analysis. Associations of snacking characteristics and patterns with Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score and BMI were examined using multivariable linear regression models.Setting: Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) Consortium, USA: NET-Works, GROW, GOALS and IMPACT studies.Participants: Predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minorities: NET-Works (n 534, 2-4-year-olds); GROW (n 610, 3-5-year-olds); GOALS (n 241, 7-11-year-olds); IMPACT (n 360, 10-13-year-olds).Results: Two snack patterns were derived for three studies: a meal-like pattern and a beverage pattern. The IMPACT study had a similar meal-like pattern and a dairy/grains pattern. A positive association was observed between meal-like pattern adherence and HEI-2010 score (P for trend < 0-01) and snack occasion frequency and HEI-2010 score (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, 0-14 (0-04, 0-23); GROW, 0-12 (0-02, 0-21)) among younger children. A preference for snacking while using a screen was inversely associated with HEI-2010 score in all studies except IMPACT (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, -3-15 (-5-37, -0-92); GROW, -2-44 (-4-27, -0-61); GOALS, -5-80 (-8-74, -2-86)). Associations with BMI were almost all null.Conclusions: Meal-like and beverage patterns described most children's snack intake, although patterns for non-Hispanic Blacks or adolescents may differ. Diets of 2-5-year-olds may benefit from frequent meal-like pattern snack consumption and diets of all children may benefit from decreasing screen use during eating occasions.

KW - Child diet

KW - Childhood obesity

KW - Dietary pattern

KW - Screen use

KW - Snack

KW - USA

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85065977675&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85065977675&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1017/S1368980019000958

DO - 10.1017/S1368980019000958

M3 - Article

C2 - 31112114

AN - SCOPUS:85065977675

SN - 1368-9800

VL - 22

SP - 3189

EP - 3199

JO - Public health nutrition

JF - Public health nutrition

IS - 17

ER -

Snacking characteristics and patterns and their associations with diet quality and BMI in the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research Consortium

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access

OpenUrl availability

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this