Somatostatin selectively couples to G_oα in HIT-T15 cells

Previously, we have demonstrated that somatostatin mediates all of its inhibitory effects on glucose-induced insulin secretion from the HIT-T15 cell through pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins and that the membrane fraction of this clonal line of pancreatic β-cells contains six such proteins: G_iα1, G_iα2, G_iα3, and three forms of G_oα. To determine the specificity of somatostatin receptor-G-protein coupling in HIT-T15 cells, we examined the ability of antisera specific for the COOH-terminus of G_α subtypes to inhibit somatostatin-induced augmentation of membrane GTPase activity. GTPase activity increased in membranes as a function of GTP. At all concentrations of GTP studied, 1 μmol/l somatostatin stimulated GTPase activity. Pertussis-toxin pretreatment prevented the effects of somatostatin. Antisera selective for G_oα subtypes reduced the effects of somatostatin on GTPase activity (GTPase activity in absence of antisera, 125 ± 3% of control; in the presence of antisera 976, 110 ±2% of control; n = 13, P < 0.001), whereas antisera directed against G_iα1, G_iα2, G_iα3, and G_sα were without effect. Somatostatin also significantly prevented cyclic AMP accumulation during perifusion with 11.1 mmol/l glucose through a pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanism. These data indicate that the somatostatin receptor couples to G_oα in the HIT-T15 cell and suggest that G_oα may link somatostatin to cyclic AMP metabolism in pancreatic β-cells.