TY - JOUR
T1 - Stable silylenes with acyclic, cyclic, and unsaturated cyclic structures
T2 - Effects of heteroatoms and cyclopropyl α-substituents at DFT
AU - Kassaee, M. Z.
AU - Najafi, Z.
AU - Shakib, F. A.
AU - Momeni, M. R.
PY - 2011/5/15
Y1 - 2011/5/15
N2 - The effects of alkyl, amino, phosphino, oxy, and thio moieties on the stability, multiplicity and reactivity of α-cyclopropylsilylenes with acyclic, cyclic, and unsaturated cyclic structures are compared and contrasted at B3LYP/AUG-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-31G level. The simultaneous stabilizing effects of heteroatom and cyclopropyl α-substituents on the above silylenes create the following trend of singlet-triplet energy gaps (ES-T): amino ≈ oxy > thio > alkyl > phosphino. The ΔES-T values for all the above silylenes increase through cyclization, because cyclization stabilizes singlet states of all our α-heteroatom substitued silylenes while destabilizes their corresponding triplet states. The ΔE S-T values for all the heteroatom substituted cyclic silylenes decrease upon unsaturation, due to the higher stabilization of triplet compared to the singlet state. Interestingly, isodesmic reactions showed the phosphino substituents stabilize the triplet more than the corresponding singlet states, not only in the unsaturated form but also in the acyclic and cyclic structures. This is in contrast to cyclopropyl which stabilizes singlet considerably more than the corresponding triplet states. The reactivity of the above silylenes is discussed in terms of nucleophilicity, and electrophilicity; showing phosphino- and aminocyclopropylsilylenes more nucleophilic than oxy- and thiocyclopropylsilylenes.
AB - The effects of alkyl, amino, phosphino, oxy, and thio moieties on the stability, multiplicity and reactivity of α-cyclopropylsilylenes with acyclic, cyclic, and unsaturated cyclic structures are compared and contrasted at B3LYP/AUG-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-31G level. The simultaneous stabilizing effects of heteroatom and cyclopropyl α-substituents on the above silylenes create the following trend of singlet-triplet energy gaps (ES-T): amino ≈ oxy > thio > alkyl > phosphino. The ΔES-T values for all the above silylenes increase through cyclization, because cyclization stabilizes singlet states of all our α-heteroatom substitued silylenes while destabilizes their corresponding triplet states. The ΔE S-T values for all the heteroatom substituted cyclic silylenes decrease upon unsaturation, due to the higher stabilization of triplet compared to the singlet state. Interestingly, isodesmic reactions showed the phosphino substituents stabilize the triplet more than the corresponding singlet states, not only in the unsaturated form but also in the acyclic and cyclic structures. This is in contrast to cyclopropyl which stabilizes singlet considerably more than the corresponding triplet states. The reactivity of the above silylenes is discussed in terms of nucleophilicity, and electrophilicity; showing phosphino- and aminocyclopropylsilylenes more nucleophilic than oxy- and thiocyclopropylsilylenes.
KW - DFT
KW - Nucleophilicity and electrophilicity
KW - Stabilization
KW - Stable silylenes
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.10.065
DO - 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.10.065
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:79955055831
SN - 0022-328X
VL - 696
SP - 2059
EP - 2064
JO - Journal of Organometallic Chemistry
JF - Journal of Organometallic Chemistry
IS - 10
ER -