Strain rate effect on toughening of nano-sized PEP-PEO block copolymer modified epoxy

Jia (Daniel) Liu; Hung Jue Sue; Zachary J. Thompson; Frank S. Bates; Marv Dettloff; George Jacob; Nikhil Verghese; Ha Pham

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2009.02.023

Strain rate effect on toughening of nano-sized PEP-PEO block copolymer modified epoxy

Jia (Daniel) Liu, Hung Jue Sue, Zachary J. Thompson, Frank S. Bates, Marv Dettloff, George Jacob, Nikhil Verghese, Ha Pham

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

84 Scopus citations

Abstract

A bisphenol A-based epoxy was modified with an amphiphilic poly(ethylene-alt-propylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEP-PEO) block copolymer as a toughening agent. PEP-PEO molecules self-assemble into spherical micelles in epoxy with an average diameter of 15 nm and give rise to 180% improvement in fracture resistance. The fracture and tensile behaviors of the PEP-PEO-modified epoxy were investigated at loading rates ranging from 0.51 to 508 mm min^-1. The toughened epoxy exhibits mechanical properties that are significantly more rate dependent than the neat epoxy material. As expected, a higher test rate leads to a more brittle behavior of the material and a lower fracture toughness value. With careful systematic study of their micromechanical deformation processes, the observed strain rate dependence is explained. The implications of the current findings on nano-sized rubber toughening of epoxy are also discussed in detail.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	2691-2701
Number of pages	11
Journal	Acta Materialia
Volume	57
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.02.023
State	Published - May 2009

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors from Texas A&M University thank the Microscopy and Imaging Center for TEM technical assistance. Financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy through subcontract to UT-Battelle No. 4000041622 is gratefully acknowledged by the authors from the University of Minnesota. This research is also funded by The Dow Chemical Company.

Keywords

Block copolymer
Epoxy
Nanoparticle
Rubber toughening
Strain rate dependence

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abstract = "A bisphenol A-based epoxy was modified with an amphiphilic poly(ethylene-alt-propylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEP-PEO) block copolymer as a toughening agent. PEP-PEO molecules self-assemble into spherical micelles in epoxy with an average diameter of 15 nm and give rise to 180% improvement in fracture resistance. The fracture and tensile behaviors of the PEP-PEO-modified epoxy were investigated at loading rates ranging from 0.51 to 508 mm min-1. The toughened epoxy exhibits mechanical properties that are significantly more rate dependent than the neat epoxy material. As expected, a higher test rate leads to a more brittle behavior of the material and a lower fracture toughness value. With careful systematic study of their micromechanical deformation processes, the observed strain rate dependence is explained. The implications of the current findings on nano-sized rubber toughening of epoxy are also discussed in detail.",

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note = "Funding Information: The authors from Texas A&M University thank the Microscopy and Imaging Center for TEM technical assistance. Financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy through subcontract to UT-Battelle No. 4000041622 is gratefully acknowledged by the authors from the University of Minnesota. This research is also funded by The Dow Chemical Company. ",

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AU - Bates, Frank S.

AU - Dettloff, Marv

AU - Jacob, George

AU - Verghese, Nikhil

AU - Pham, Ha

N1 - Funding Information: The authors from Texas A&M University thank the Microscopy and Imaging Center for TEM technical assistance. Financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy through subcontract to UT-Battelle No. 4000041622 is gratefully acknowledged by the authors from the University of Minnesota. This research is also funded by The Dow Chemical Company.

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N2 - A bisphenol A-based epoxy was modified with an amphiphilic poly(ethylene-alt-propylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEP-PEO) block copolymer as a toughening agent. PEP-PEO molecules self-assemble into spherical micelles in epoxy with an average diameter of 15 nm and give rise to 180% improvement in fracture resistance. The fracture and tensile behaviors of the PEP-PEO-modified epoxy were investigated at loading rates ranging from 0.51 to 508 mm min-1. The toughened epoxy exhibits mechanical properties that are significantly more rate dependent than the neat epoxy material. As expected, a higher test rate leads to a more brittle behavior of the material and a lower fracture toughness value. With careful systematic study of their micromechanical deformation processes, the observed strain rate dependence is explained. The implications of the current findings on nano-sized rubber toughening of epoxy are also discussed in detail.

AB - A bisphenol A-based epoxy was modified with an amphiphilic poly(ethylene-alt-propylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEP-PEO) block copolymer as a toughening agent. PEP-PEO molecules self-assemble into spherical micelles in epoxy with an average diameter of 15 nm and give rise to 180% improvement in fracture resistance. The fracture and tensile behaviors of the PEP-PEO-modified epoxy were investigated at loading rates ranging from 0.51 to 508 mm min-1. The toughened epoxy exhibits mechanical properties that are significantly more rate dependent than the neat epoxy material. As expected, a higher test rate leads to a more brittle behavior of the material and a lower fracture toughness value. With careful systematic study of their micromechanical deformation processes, the observed strain rate dependence is explained. The implications of the current findings on nano-sized rubber toughening of epoxy are also discussed in detail.

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KW - Nanoparticle

KW - Rubber toughening

KW - Strain rate dependence

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Strain rate effect on toughening of nano-sized PEP-PEO block copolymer modified epoxy

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Keywords

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