Study of cosmic ray composition in the knee region using multiple muon events in the Soudan 2 detector

S. M. Kasahara; W. W.M. Allison; G. J. Alner; D. S. Ayres; W. L. Barrett; C. R. Bode; P. M. Border; C. B. Brooks; J. H. Cobb; D. J.A. Cockerill; R. J. Cotton; H. Courant; D. M. DeMuth; B. Ewen; T. H. Fields; H. R. Gallagher; M. C. Goodman; R. W. Gran; R. N. Gray; K. Johns; T. Kafka; W. Leeson; P. J. Litchfield; N. P. Longley; M. J. Lowe; W. A. Mann; M. L. Marshak; E. N. May; R. H. Milburn; W. H. Miller; L. Mualem; A. Napier; W. Oliver; G. F. Pearce; E. A. Peterson; L. E. Price; D. M. Roback; K. Ruddick; D. J. Schmid; J. Schneps; M. H. Schub; R. V. Seidlein; M. A. Shupe; N. Sundaralingam; J. L. Thron; H. J. Trost; J. L. Uretsky; V. Vassiliev; G. Villaume; S. P. Wakely

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5282

Study of cosmic ray composition in the knee region using multiple muon events in the Soudan 2 detector

S. M. Kasahara, W. W.M. Allison, G. J. Alner, D. S. Ayres, W. L. Barrett, C. R. Bode, P. M. Border, C. B. Brooks, J. H. Cobb, D. J.A. Cockerill, R. J. Cotton, H. Courant, D. M. DeMuth, B. Ewen, T. H. Fields, H. R. Gallagher, M. C. Goodman, R. W. Gran, R. N. Gray, K. JohnsT. Kafka, W. Leeson, P. J. Litchfield, N. P. Longley, M. J. Lowe, W. A. Mann, M. L. Marshak, E. N. May, R. H. Milburn, W. H. Miller, L. Mualem, A. Napier, W. Oliver, G. F. Pearce, E. A. Peterson, L. E. Price, D. M. Roback, K. Ruddick, D. J. Schmid, J. Schneps, M. H. Schub, R. V. Seidlein, M. A. Shupe, N. Sundaralingam, J. L. Thron, H. J. Trost, J. L. Uretsky, V. Vassiliev, G. Villaume, S. P. Wakely

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Abstract

Deep underground muon events recorded by the Soudan 2 detector, located at a depth of 2100 m of water equivalent, have been used to infer the nuclear composition of cosmic rays in the “knee” region of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. The observed muon multiplicity distribution favors a composition model with a substantial proton content in the energy region [Formula presented]–[Formula presented] GeV/nucleus.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	5282-5294
Number of pages	13
Journal	Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology
Volume	55
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5282
State	Published - 1997

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Kasahara, S. M., Allison, W. W. M., Alner, G. J., Ayres, D. S., Barrett, W. L., Bode, C. R., Border, P. M., Brooks, C. B., Cobb, J. H., Cockerill, D. J. A., Cotton, R. J., Courant, H., DeMuth, D. M., Ewen, B., Fields, T. H., Gallagher, H. R., Goodman, M. C., Gran, R. W., Gray, R. N., ... Wakely, S. P. (1997). Study of cosmic ray composition in the knee region using multiple muon events in the Soudan 2 detector. Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology, 55(9), 5282-5294. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5282

Kasahara, SM, Allison, WWM, Alner, GJ, Ayres, DS, Barrett, WL, Bode, CR, Border, PM, Brooks, CB, Cobb, JH, Cockerill, DJA, Cotton, RJ, Courant, H, DeMuth, DM, Ewen, B, Fields, TH, Gallagher, HR, Goodman, MC, Gran, RW, Gray, RN, Johns, K, Kafka, T, Leeson, W, Litchfield, PJ, Longley, NP, Lowe, MJ, Mann, WA, Marshak, ML, May, EN, Milburn, RH, Miller, WH, Mualem, L, Napier, A, Oliver, W, Pearce, GF, Peterson, EA, Price, LE, Roback, DM, Ruddick, K, Schmid, DJ, Schneps, J, Schub, MH, Seidlein, RV, Shupe, MA, Sundaralingam, N, Thron, JL, Trost, HJ, Uretsky, JL, Vassiliev, V, Villaume, G & Wakely, SP 1997, 'Study of cosmic ray composition in the knee region using multiple muon events in the Soudan 2 detector', Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 5282-5294. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5282

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abstract = "Deep underground muon events recorded by the Soudan 2 detector, located at a depth of 2100 m of water equivalent, have been used to infer the nuclear composition of cosmic rays in the “knee” region of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. The observed muon multiplicity distribution favors a composition model with a substantial proton content in the energy region [Formula presented]–[Formula presented] GeV/nucleus.",

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AU - Ayres, D. S.

AU - Barrett, W. L.

AU - Bode, C. R.

AU - Border, P. M.

AU - Brooks, C. B.

AU - Cobb, J. H.

AU - Cockerill, D. J.A.

AU - Cotton, R. J.

AU - Courant, H.

AU - DeMuth, D. M.

AU - Ewen, B.

AU - Fields, T. H.

AU - Gallagher, H. R.

AU - Goodman, M. C.

AU - Gran, R. W.

AU - Gray, R. N.

AU - Johns, K.

AU - Kafka, T.

AU - Leeson, W.

AU - Litchfield, P. J.

AU - Longley, N. P.

AU - Lowe, M. J.

AU - Mann, W. A.

AU - Marshak, M. L.

AU - May, E. N.

AU - Milburn, R. H.

AU - Miller, W. H.

AU - Mualem, L.

AU - Napier, A.

AU - Oliver, W.

AU - Pearce, G. F.

AU - Peterson, E. A.

AU - Price, L. E.

AU - Roback, D. M.

AU - Ruddick, K.

AU - Schmid, D. J.

AU - Schneps, J.

AU - Schub, M. H.

AU - Seidlein, R. V.

AU - Shupe, M. A.

AU - Sundaralingam, N.

AU - Thron, J. L.

AU - Trost, H. J.

AU - Uretsky, J. L.

AU - Vassiliev, V.

AU - Villaume, G.

AU - Wakely, S. P.

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AB - Deep underground muon events recorded by the Soudan 2 detector, located at a depth of 2100 m of water equivalent, have been used to infer the nuclear composition of cosmic rays in the “knee” region of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. The observed muon multiplicity distribution favors a composition model with a substantial proton content in the energy region [Formula presented]–[Formula presented] GeV/nucleus.

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ER -

Study of cosmic ray composition in the knee region using multiple muon events in the Soudan 2 detector

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