Surface plasmon resonance binding kinetics of Alzheimer's disease amyloid β peptide-capturing and plaque-binding monoclonal antibodies

Several different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been actively developed in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for basic science and clinical applications; however, the binding kinetics of many of the mAbs with the β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) are poorly understood. A panel of mAbs with different Aβ recognition sites, including our plaque-binding antibody (IgG4.1), a peptide-capturing antibody (11A50), and two classical mAbs (6E10 and 4G8) used for immunohistochemistry, were chosen for characterization of their kinetics of binding to monomeric and fibrillar forms of Aβ40 using surface plasmon resonance and their amyloid plaque binding ability inADmouse brain sections using immunohistochemistry. The plaque-binding antibody (IgG4.1) with epitope specificity of Aβ(2-10) showed a weaker affinity (512 nM) for monomeric Aβ40 but a higher affinity (1.5 nM) for Aβ40 fibrils and labeled dense core plaques better than 6E10 as determined by immunohistochemistry. The peptide-capturing antibody (11A50) showed preferential affinity (32.5 nM) for monomeric Aβ40 but did not bind to Aβ40 fibrils, whereas antibodies 6E10 and 4G8 had moderate affinity for monomeric Aβ40 (22.3 and 30.1 nM, respectively). 4G8, which labels diffuse plaques better than 6E10, had a higher association rate constant than 6E10 but showed similar association and dissociation kinetics compared to those of 11A50. Enzymatic digestion of IgG4.1 to the F(ab′)24.1 fragments or their polyamine-modified derivatives that enhance blood-brain barrier permeability did not affect the kinetic properties of the antigen binding site. These differences in kinetic binding to monomeric and fibrillar Aβ among various antibodies could be utilized to distinguish mAbs that might be useful for immunotherapy or amyloid plaque imaging versus those that could be utilized for bioanalytical techniques.