The burden of unintentional drowning: Global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

Richard Charles Franklin; Amy E. Peden; Erin B. Hamilton; Catherine Bisignano; Chris D. Castle; Zachary V. Dingels; Simon I. Hay; Zichen Liu; Ali H. Mokdad; Nicholas L.S. Roberts; Dillon O. Sylte; Theo Vos; Gdiom Gebreheat Abady; Akine Eshete Abosetugn; Rushdia Ahmed; Fares Alahdab; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Jalal Arabloo; Aseb Arba Kinfe Arba; Ashish D. Badiye; Shankar M. Bakkannavar; MacIej Banach; Palash Chandra Banik; Amrit Banstola; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Akbar Barzegar; Mohsen Bayati; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Soumyadeep Bhaumik; Zulfqar A. Bhutta; Ali Bijani; Archith Boloor; Félix Carvalho; Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury; Dinh Toi Chu; Samantha M. Colquhoun; Henok Dagne; Baye Dagnew; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Ahmad Daryani; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani; Hoa Thi Do; Tim Robert Driscoll; Arielle Wilder Eagan; Ziad El-Khatib; Eduarda Fernandes; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Berhe Gebremichael; Gaurav Gupta; Juanita A. Haagsma; Shoaib Hassan; Delia Hendrie; Chi Linh Hoang; Michael K. Hole; Ramesh Holla; Sorin Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; M. MofzulIslam; Rebecca Q. Ivers; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Farahnaz Joukar; Rohollah Kalhor; Tanuj Kanchan; Neeti Kapoor; Amir Kasaeian; Maseer Khan; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Jagdish Khubchandani; Kewal Krishan; G. Anil Kumar; Paolo Lauriola; Alan D. Lopez; Mohammed Madadin; Marek Majdan; Venkatesh Maled; Navid Manaf; Ali Manaf; Martin McKee; Hagazi Gebre Meles; Ritesh G. Menezes; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Ted R. Miller; Prasanna Mithra; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Reza Mohammadpourhodki; Farnam Mohebi; Mariam Molokhia; Ghulam Mustafa; Ionut Negoi; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Andrew T. Olagunju; Tinuke O. Olagunju; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Keyvan Pakshir; Ashish Pathak; Suzanne Polinder; Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi; Navid Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Saleem Muhammad Rana; Jennifer Rickard; Saeed Safari; Payman Salamati; Abdallah M. Samy; Abdur Razzaque Sarker; David C. Schwebel; Subramanian Senthilkumaran; Faramarz Shaahmadi; Masood Ali Shaikh; Jae Il Shin; Pankaj Kumar Singh; Amin Soheili; Mark A. Stokes; Hafz Ansar Rasul Suleria; Ingan Ukur Tarigan; Mohamad Hani Temsah; Berhe Etsay Tesfay; Pascual R. Valdez; Yousef Veisani; Pengpeng Ye; Naohiro Yonemoto; Chuanhua Yu; Hasan Yusefzadeh; Sojib Bin Zaman; Zhi Jiang Zhang; Spencer L. James

doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043484

The burden of unintentional drowning: Global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

Richard Charles Franklin, Amy E. Peden, Erin B. Hamilton, Catherine Bisignano, Chris D. Castle, Zachary V. Dingels, Simon I. Hay, Zichen Liu, Ali H. Mokdad, Nicholas L.S. Roberts, Dillon O. Sylte, Theo Vos, Gdiom Gebreheat Abady, Akine Eshete Abosetugn, Rushdia Ahmed, Fares Alahdab, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Jalal Arabloo, Aseb Arba Kinfe ArbaAshish D. Badiye, Shankar M. Bakkannavar, MacIej Banach, Palash Chandra Banik, Amrit Banstola, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Akbar Barzegar, Mohsen Bayati, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Zulfqar A. Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Archith Boloor, Félix Carvalho, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Dinh Toi Chu, Samantha M. Colquhoun, Henok Dagne, Baye Dagnew, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Ahmad Daryani, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Hoa Thi Do, Tim Robert Driscoll, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Ziad El-Khatib, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Berhe Gebremichael, Gaurav Gupta, Juanita A. Haagsma, Shoaib Hassan, Delia Hendrie, Chi Linh Hoang, Michael K. Hole, Ramesh Holla, Sorin Hostiuc, Mowafa Househ, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, M. MofzulIslam, Rebecca Q. Ivers, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Farahnaz Joukar, Rohollah Kalhor, Tanuj Kanchan, Neeti Kapoor, Amir Kasaeian, Maseer Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Jagdish Khubchandani, Kewal Krishan, G. Anil Kumar, Paolo Lauriola, Alan D. Lopez, Mohammed Madadin, Marek Majdan, Venkatesh Maled, Navid Manaf, Ali Manaf, Martin McKee, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Ritesh G. Menezes, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Ted R. Miller, Prasanna Mithra, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Farnam Mohebi, Mariam Molokhia, Ghulam Mustafa, Ionut Negoi, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Andrew T. Olagunju, Tinuke O. Olagunju, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Keyvan Pakshir, Ashish Pathak, Suzanne Polinder, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Saleem Muhammad Rana, Jennifer Rickard, Saeed Safari, Payman Salamati, Abdallah M. Samy, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, David C. Schwebel, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Faramarz Shaahmadi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Jae Il Shin, Pankaj Kumar Singh, Amin Soheili, Mark A. Stokes, Hafz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Mohamad Hani Temsah, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Pascual R. Valdez, Yousef Veisani, Pengpeng Ye, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Sojib Bin Zaman, Zhi Jiang Zhang, Spencer L. James

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Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

108 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning. Results: Globally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes. Conclusions: There has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low-and middle-income countries.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	2019043484
Journal	Injury Prevention
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043484
State	Accepted/In press - 2020

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

Keywords

burden of disease
drowning
global

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10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043484

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Franklin, R. C., Peden, A. E., Hamilton, E. B., Bisignano, C., Castle, C. D., Dingels, Z. V., Hay, S. I., Liu, Z., Mokdad, A. H., Roberts, N. L. S., Sylte, D. O., Vos, T., Abady, G. G., Abosetugn, A. E., Ahmed, R., Alahdab, F., Andrei, C. L., Antonio, C. A. T., Arabloo, J., ... James, S. L. (Accepted/In press). The burden of unintentional drowning: Global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study. Injury Prevention, Article 2019043484. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043484

Franklin, RC, Peden, AE, Hamilton, EB, Bisignano, C, Castle, CD, Dingels, ZV, Hay, SI, Liu, Z, Mokdad, AH, Roberts, NLS, Sylte, DO, Vos, T, Abady, GG, Abosetugn, AE, Ahmed, R, Alahdab, F, Andrei, CL, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Kinfe Arba, AA, Badiye, AD, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Banstola, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Boloor, A, Carvalho, F, Kabir Chowdhury, MA, Chu, DT, Colquhoun, SM, Dagne, H, Dagnew, B, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daryani, A, Dharmaratne, SD, Dibaji Forooshani, ZS, Do, HT, Driscoll, TR, Eagan, AW, El-Khatib, Z, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gebremichael, B, Gupta, G, Haagsma, JA, Hassan, S, Hendrie, D, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, OS, Inbaraj, LR, Naghibi Irvani, SS, MofzulIslam, M, Ivers, RQ, Jayatilleke, AU, Joukar, F, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Kasaeian, A, Khan, M, Khan, EA, Khubchandani, J, Krishan, K, Anil Kumar, G, Lauriola, P, Lopez, AD, Madadin, M, Majdan, M, Maled, V, Manaf, N, Manaf, A, McKee, M, Meles, HG, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, TJ, Miller, TR, Mithra, P, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohebi, F, Molokhia, M, Mustafa, G, Negoi, I, Nguyen, CT, Thi Nguyen, HL, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Padubidri, JR, Pakshir, K, Pathak, A, Polinder, S, Angga Pribadi, DR, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rana, SM, Rickard, J, Safari, S, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Sarker, AR, Schwebel, DC, Senthilkumaran, S, Shaahmadi, F, Shaikh, MA, Shin, JI, Singh, PK, Soheili, A, Stokes, MA, Rasul Suleria, HA, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, MH, Tesfay, BE, Valdez, PR, Veisani, Y, Ye, P, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaman, SB, Zhang, ZJ & James, SL 2020, 'The burden of unintentional drowning: Global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study', Injury Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043484

@article{890da821f5764d6398804a0f48e69990,

title = "The burden of unintentional drowning: Global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study",

abstract = "Background: Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning. Results: Globally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes. Conclusions: There has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low-and middle-income countries.",

keywords = "burden of disease, drowning, global",

author = "Franklin, {Richard Charles} and Peden, {Amy E.} and Hamilton, {Erin B.} and Catherine Bisignano and Castle, {Chris D.} and Dingels, {Zachary V.} and Hay, {Simon I.} and Zichen Liu and Mokdad, {Ali H.} and Roberts, {Nicholas L.S.} and Sylte, {Dillon O.} and Theo Vos and Abady, {Gdiom Gebreheat} and Abosetugn, {Akine Eshete} and Rushdia Ahmed and Fares Alahdab and Andrei, {Catalina Liliana} and Antonio, {Carl Abelardo T.} and Jalal Arabloo and {Kinfe Arba}, {Aseb Arba} and Badiye, {Ashish D.} and Bakkannavar, {Shankar M.} and MacIej Banach and Banik, {Palash Chandra} and Amrit Banstola and Barker-Collo, {Suzanne Lyn} and Akbar Barzegar and Mohsen Bayati and Pankaj Bhardwaj and Soumyadeep Bhaumik and Bhutta, {Zulfqar A.} and Ali Bijani and Archith Boloor and F{\'e}lix Carvalho and {Kabir Chowdhury}, {Mohiuddin Ahsanul} and Chu, {Dinh Toi} and Colquhoun, {Samantha M.} and Henok Dagne and Baye Dagnew and Lalit Dandona and Rakhi Dandona and Ahmad Daryani and Dharmaratne, {Samath Dhamminda} and {Dibaji Forooshani}, {Zahra Sadat} and Do, {Hoa Thi} and Driscoll, {Tim Robert} and Eagan, {Arielle Wilder} and Ziad El-Khatib and Eduarda Fernandes and Irina Filip and Florian Fischer and Berhe Gebremichael and Gaurav Gupta and Haagsma, {Juanita A.} and Shoaib Hassan and Delia Hendrie and Hoang, {Chi Linh} and Hole, {Michael K.} and Ramesh Holla and Sorin Hostiuc and Mowafa Househ and Ilesanmi, {Olayinka Stephen} and Inbaraj, {Leeberk Raja} and {Naghibi Irvani}, {Seyed Sina} and M. MofzulIslam and Ivers, {Rebecca Q.} and Jayatilleke, {Achala Upendra} and Farahnaz Joukar and Rohollah Kalhor and Tanuj Kanchan and Neeti Kapoor and Amir Kasaeian and Maseer Khan and Khan, {Ejaz Ahmad} and Jagdish Khubchandani and Kewal Krishan and {Anil Kumar}, G. and Paolo Lauriola and Lopez, {Alan D.} and Mohammed Madadin and Marek Majdan and Venkatesh Maled and Navid Manaf and Ali Manaf and Martin McKee and Meles, {Hagazi Gebre} and Menezes, {Ritesh G.} and Meretoja, {Tuomo J.} and Miller, {Ted R.} and Prasanna Mithra and Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani and Reza Mohammadpourhodki and Farnam Mohebi and Mariam Molokhia and Ghulam Mustafa and Ionut Negoi and Nguyen, {Cuong Tat} and {Thi Nguyen}, {Huong Lan} and Olagunju, {Andrew T.} and Olagunju, {Tinuke O.} and Padubidri, {Jagadish Rao} and Keyvan Pakshir and Ashish Pathak and Suzanne Polinder and {Angga Pribadi}, {Dimas Ria} and Navid Rabiee and Amir Radfar and Rana, {Saleem Muhammad} and Jennifer Rickard and Saeed Safari and Payman Salamati and Samy, {Abdallah M.} and Sarker, {Abdur Razzaque} and Schwebel, {David C.} and Subramanian Senthilkumaran and Faramarz Shaahmadi and Shaikh, {Masood Ali} and Shin, {Jae Il} and Singh, {Pankaj Kumar} and Amin Soheili and Stokes, {Mark A.} and {Rasul Suleria}, {Hafz Ansar} and Tarigan, {Ingan Ukur} and Temsah, {Mohamad Hani} and Tesfay, {Berhe Etsay} and Valdez, {Pascual R.} and Yousef Veisani and Pengpeng Ye and Naohiro Yonemoto and Chuanhua Yu and Hasan Yusefzadeh and Zaman, {Sojib Bin} and Zhang, {Zhi Jiang} and James, {Spencer L.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.",

year = "2020",

doi = "10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043484",

language = "English (US)",

journal = "Injury Prevention",

issn = "1353-8047",

publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The burden of unintentional drowning

T2 - Global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

AU - Franklin, Richard Charles

AU - Peden, Amy E.

AU - Hamilton, Erin B.

AU - Bisignano, Catherine

AU - Castle, Chris D.

AU - Dingels, Zachary V.

AU - Hay, Simon I.

AU - Liu, Zichen

AU - Mokdad, Ali H.

AU - Roberts, Nicholas L.S.

AU - Sylte, Dillon O.

AU - Vos, Theo

AU - Abady, Gdiom Gebreheat

AU - Abosetugn, Akine Eshete

AU - Ahmed, Rushdia

AU - Alahdab, Fares

AU - Andrei, Catalina Liliana

AU - Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.

AU - Arabloo, Jalal

AU - Kinfe Arba, Aseb Arba

AU - Badiye, Ashish D.

AU - Bakkannavar, Shankar M.

AU - Banach, MacIej

AU - Banik, Palash Chandra

AU - Banstola, Amrit

AU - Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn

AU - Barzegar, Akbar

AU - Bayati, Mohsen

AU - Bhardwaj, Pankaj

AU - Bhaumik, Soumyadeep

AU - Bhutta, Zulfqar A.

AU - Bijani, Ali

AU - Boloor, Archith

AU - Carvalho, Félix

AU - Kabir Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul

AU - Chu, Dinh Toi

AU - Colquhoun, Samantha M.

AU - Dagne, Henok

AU - Dagnew, Baye

AU - Dandona, Lalit

AU - Dandona, Rakhi

AU - Daryani, Ahmad

AU - Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda

AU - Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat

AU - Do, Hoa Thi

AU - Driscoll, Tim Robert

AU - Eagan, Arielle Wilder

AU - El-Khatib, Ziad

AU - Fernandes, Eduarda

AU - Filip, Irina

AU - Fischer, Florian

AU - Gebremichael, Berhe

AU - Gupta, Gaurav

AU - Haagsma, Juanita A.

AU - Hassan, Shoaib

AU - Hendrie, Delia

AU - Hoang, Chi Linh

AU - Hole, Michael K.

AU - Holla, Ramesh

AU - Hostiuc, Sorin

AU - Househ, Mowafa

AU - Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen

AU - Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja

AU - Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina

AU - MofzulIslam, M.

AU - Ivers, Rebecca Q.

AU - Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra

AU - Joukar, Farahnaz

AU - Kalhor, Rohollah

AU - Kanchan, Tanuj

AU - Kapoor, Neeti

AU - Kasaeian, Amir

AU - Khan, Maseer

AU - Khan, Ejaz Ahmad

AU - Khubchandani, Jagdish

AU - Krishan, Kewal

AU - Anil Kumar, G.

AU - Lauriola, Paolo

AU - Lopez, Alan D.

AU - Madadin, Mohammed

AU - Majdan, Marek

AU - Maled, Venkatesh

AU - Manaf, Navid

AU - Manaf, Ali

AU - McKee, Martin

AU - Meles, Hagazi Gebre

AU - Menezes, Ritesh G.

AU - Meretoja, Tuomo J.

AU - Miller, Ted R.

AU - Mithra, Prasanna

AU - Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah

AU - Mohammadpourhodki, Reza

AU - Mohebi, Farnam

AU - Molokhia, Mariam

AU - Mustafa, Ghulam

AU - Negoi, Ionut

AU - Nguyen, Cuong Tat

AU - Thi Nguyen, Huong Lan

AU - Olagunju, Andrew T.

AU - Olagunju, Tinuke O.

AU - Padubidri, Jagadish Rao

AU - Pakshir, Keyvan

AU - Pathak, Ashish

AU - Polinder, Suzanne

AU - Angga Pribadi, Dimas Ria

AU - Rabiee, Navid

AU - Radfar, Amir

AU - Rana, Saleem Muhammad

AU - Rickard, Jennifer

AU - Safari, Saeed

AU - Salamati, Payman

AU - Samy, Abdallah M.

AU - Sarker, Abdur Razzaque

AU - Schwebel, David C.

AU - Senthilkumaran, Subramanian

AU - Shaahmadi, Faramarz

AU - Shaikh, Masood Ali

AU - Shin, Jae Il

AU - Singh, Pankaj Kumar

AU - Soheili, Amin

AU - Stokes, Mark A.

AU - Rasul Suleria, Hafz Ansar

AU - Tarigan, Ingan Ukur

AU - Temsah, Mohamad Hani

AU - Tesfay, Berhe Etsay

AU - Valdez, Pascual R.

AU - Veisani, Yousef

AU - Ye, Pengpeng

AU - Yonemoto, Naohiro

AU - Yu, Chuanhua

AU - Yusefzadeh, Hasan

AU - Zaman, Sojib Bin

AU - Zhang, Zhi Jiang

AU - James, Spencer L.

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Background: Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning. Results: Globally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes. Conclusions: There has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low-and middle-income countries.

AB - Background: Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning. Results: Globally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes. Conclusions: There has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low-and middle-income countries.

KW - burden of disease

KW - drowning

KW - global

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85081747181&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85081747181&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043484

DO - 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043484

M3 - Article

C2 - 32079663

AN - SCOPUS:85081747181

SN - 1353-8047

JO - Injury Prevention

JF - Injury Prevention

M1 - 2019043484

ER -

The burden of unintentional drowning: Global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

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