The Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer: First results

S. Z. Weider; B. J. Kellett; B. M. Swinyard; I. A. Crawford; K. H. Joy; M. Grande; C. J. Howe; J. Huovelin; S. Narendranath; L. Alha; M. Anand; P. S. Athiray; N. Bhandari; J. A. Carter; A. C. Cook; L. C. Duston; V. A. Fernandes; O. Gasnault; J. N. Goswami; J. P.D. Gow; A. D. Holland; D. Koschny; D. J. Lawrence; B. J. Maddison; S. Maurice; D. J. McKay; T. Okada; C. Pieters; D. A. Rothery; S. S. Russell; A. Shrivastava; D. R. Smith; M. Wieczorek

doi:10.1016/j.pss.2011.08.014

The Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer: First results

S. Z. Weider, B. J. Kellett, B. M. Swinyard, I. A. Crawford, K. H. Joy, M. Grande, C. J. Howe, J. Huovelin, S. Narendranath, L. Alha, M. Anand, P. S. Athiray, N. Bhandari, J. A. Carter, A. C. Cook, L. C. Duston, V. A. Fernandes, O. Gasnault, J. N. Goswami, J. P.D. GowA. D. Holland, D. Koschny, D. J. Lawrence, B. J. Maddison, S. Maurice, D. J. McKay, T. Okada, C. Pieters, D. A. Rothery, S. S. Russell, A. Shrivastava, D. R. Smith, M. Wieczorek

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

26 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present X-ray fluorescence observations of the lunar surface, made by the Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer during two solar flare events early in the mission (12th December 2008 and 10th January 2009). Modelling of the X-ray spectra with an abundance algorithm allows quantitative estimates of the MgO/SiO ₂ and Al ₂O ₃/SiO ₂ ratios to be made for the two regions, which are in mainly basaltic areas of the lunar nearside. One of these ground tracks includes the Apollo 14 landing site on the Fra Mauro Formation. Within the 1σ errors provided, the results are inside the range of basaltic samples from the Apollo and Luna collections. The Apollo 14 soil composition is in agreement with the results from the January flare at the 1σ uncertainty level. Discrepancies are observed between our results and compositions derived for the same areas by the Lunar Prospector gamma-ray spectrometer; some possible reasons for this are discussed.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	217-228
Number of pages	12
Journal	Planetary and Space Science
Volume	60
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.08.014
State	Published - Jan 2012

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors thank an anonymous reviewer and Tom Prettyman for their helpful and thoughtful comments that have served to significantly improve this manuscript. C1XS was an ESA-provided instrument on India's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft. We thank ESA and ISRO for this collaborative opportunity, and for support in mission planning, spacecraft operations and data processing and archiving. S.Z.W., K.H.J. and I.A.C. acknowledge STFC and the Leverhulme Trust for financial support. This is LPI contribution 1636.

Keywords

Gamma-ray spectroscopy
Lunar X-ray spectroscopy
Lunar chemistry
Lunar crust
Lunar regolith

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Weider, S. Z., Kellett, B. J., Swinyard, B. M., Crawford, I. A., Joy, K. H., Grande, M., Howe, C. J., Huovelin, J., Narendranath, S., Alha, L., Anand, M., Athiray, P. S., Bhandari, N., Carter, J. A., Cook, A. C., Duston, L. C., Fernandes, V. A., Gasnault, O., Goswami, J. N., ... Wieczorek, M. (2012). The Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer: First results. Planetary and Space Science, 60(1), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.08.014

Weider, SZ, Kellett, BJ, Swinyard, BM, Crawford, IA, Joy, KH, Grande, M, Howe, CJ, Huovelin, J, Narendranath, S, Alha, L, Anand, M, Athiray, PS, Bhandari, N, Carter, JA, Cook, AC, Duston, LC, Fernandes, VA, Gasnault, O, Goswami, JN, Gow, JPD, Holland, AD, Koschny, D, Lawrence, DJ, Maddison, BJ, Maurice, S, McKay, DJ, Okada, T, Pieters, C, Rothery, DA, Russell, SS, Shrivastava, A, Smith, DR & Wieczorek, M 2012, 'The Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer: First results', Planetary and Space Science, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 217-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.08.014

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abstract = "We present X-ray fluorescence observations of the lunar surface, made by the Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer during two solar flare events early in the mission (12th December 2008 and 10th January 2009). Modelling of the X-ray spectra with an abundance algorithm allows quantitative estimates of the MgO/SiO 2 and Al 2O 3/SiO 2 ratios to be made for the two regions, which are in mainly basaltic areas of the lunar nearside. One of these ground tracks includes the Apollo 14 landing site on the Fra Mauro Formation. Within the 1σ errors provided, the results are inside the range of basaltic samples from the Apollo and Luna collections. The Apollo 14 soil composition is in agreement with the results from the January flare at the 1σ uncertainty level. Discrepancies are observed between our results and compositions derived for the same areas by the Lunar Prospector gamma-ray spectrometer; some possible reasons for this are discussed.",

keywords = "Gamma-ray spectroscopy, Lunar X-ray spectroscopy, Lunar chemistry, Lunar crust, Lunar regolith",

author = "Weider, {S. Z.} and Kellett, {B. J.} and Swinyard, {B. M.} and Crawford, {I. A.} and Joy, {K. H.} and M. Grande and Howe, {C. J.} and J. Huovelin and S. Narendranath and L. Alha and M. Anand and Athiray, {P. S.} and N. Bhandari and Carter, {J. A.} and Cook, {A. C.} and Duston, {L. C.} and Fernandes, {V. A.} and O. Gasnault and Goswami, {J. N.} and Gow, {J. P.D.} and Holland, {A. D.} and D. Koschny and Lawrence, {D. J.} and Maddison, {B. J.} and S. Maurice and McKay, {D. J.} and T. Okada and C. Pieters and Rothery, {D. A.} and Russell, {S. S.} and A. Shrivastava and Smith, {D. R.} and M. Wieczorek",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank an anonymous reviewer and Tom Prettyman for their helpful and thoughtful comments that have served to significantly improve this manuscript. C1XS was an ESA-provided instrument on India's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft. We thank ESA and ISRO for this collaborative opportunity, and for support in mission planning, spacecraft operations and data processing and archiving. S.Z.W., K.H.J. and I.A.C. acknowledge STFC and the Leverhulme Trust for financial support. This is LPI contribution 1636. ",

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AU - Weider, S. Z.

AU - Kellett, B. J.

AU - Swinyard, B. M.

AU - Crawford, I. A.

AU - Joy, K. H.

AU - Grande, M.

AU - Howe, C. J.

AU - Huovelin, J.

AU - Narendranath, S.

AU - Alha, L.

AU - Anand, M.

AU - Athiray, P. S.

AU - Bhandari, N.

AU - Carter, J. A.

AU - Cook, A. C.

AU - Duston, L. C.

AU - Fernandes, V. A.

AU - Gasnault, O.

AU - Goswami, J. N.

AU - Gow, J. P.D.

AU - Holland, A. D.

AU - Koschny, D.

AU - Lawrence, D. J.

AU - Maddison, B. J.

AU - Maurice, S.

AU - McKay, D. J.

AU - Okada, T.

AU - Pieters, C.

AU - Rothery, D. A.

AU - Russell, S. S.

AU - Shrivastava, A.

AU - Smith, D. R.

AU - Wieczorek, M.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank an anonymous reviewer and Tom Prettyman for their helpful and thoughtful comments that have served to significantly improve this manuscript. C1XS was an ESA-provided instrument on India's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft. We thank ESA and ISRO for this collaborative opportunity, and for support in mission planning, spacecraft operations and data processing and archiving. S.Z.W., K.H.J. and I.A.C. acknowledge STFC and the Leverhulme Trust for financial support. This is LPI contribution 1636.

PY - 2012/1

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N2 - We present X-ray fluorescence observations of the lunar surface, made by the Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer during two solar flare events early in the mission (12th December 2008 and 10th January 2009). Modelling of the X-ray spectra with an abundance algorithm allows quantitative estimates of the MgO/SiO 2 and Al 2O 3/SiO 2 ratios to be made for the two regions, which are in mainly basaltic areas of the lunar nearside. One of these ground tracks includes the Apollo 14 landing site on the Fra Mauro Formation. Within the 1σ errors provided, the results are inside the range of basaltic samples from the Apollo and Luna collections. The Apollo 14 soil composition is in agreement with the results from the January flare at the 1σ uncertainty level. Discrepancies are observed between our results and compositions derived for the same areas by the Lunar Prospector gamma-ray spectrometer; some possible reasons for this are discussed.

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KW - Gamma-ray spectroscopy

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KW - Lunar chemistry

KW - Lunar crust

KW - Lunar regolith

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ER -

The Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer: First results

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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