Abstract
Background: We recently have reported the 24-hour glucose, insulin and glucagon responses to a 72-hour fast compared to a 72-hour macronutrient-sufficient, carbohydrate-free diet in men with type 2 diabetes. The 72-hour time period was used because it is the time required for the major metabolic adjustments to a lack of food to be instituted. As part of that study, ghrelin and leptin responses were monitored. Methods: Twenty-four-hour total ghrelin and overnight fasting leptin concentrations were determined in males with type 2 diabetes when ingesting a standard, mixed meal diet (control), followed by a carbohydrate-free diet for 72 h or were starved for 72 h, using a crossover design. Results: A rise in ghrelin concentration before and a decrease after meals was present when the standard diet was ingested. However, in contrast to literature reports in normal subjects, a circadian variation was not apparent. Meal related changes were absent with starvation. A carbohydrate-free diet resulted in a daylong decrease in ghrelin. It also resulted in a 19 % decrease in the overnight fasting leptin concentration. Leptin was decreased 54 % with total starvation. Conclusion: Ingestion of a typical mixed-meal diet results in meal-related changes in ghrelin similar to those reported in normal subjects, although the circadian rhythm was not apparent. Except for the lack of meal-related changes, starvation did not change the concentration. A carbohydrate-free, high fat diet resulted in a daylong suppression of ghrelin. The leptin concentration was decreased by both the carbohydrate-free diet and starvation. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01469104.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 47 |
Journal | Nutrition and Metabolism |
Volume | 13 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 22 2016 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Supported in part by funds from the Department of Veterans Affairs. This material is the result of work supported with resources and the use of facilities at the Minneapolis VA Health Care system. The Department of Veterans Affairs had no involvement in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the report or decision to submit the article for publication. The contents to not represent the views of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 The Author(s).
Keywords
- 24-hour profile
- Carbohydrate-free diet
- Dietary carbohydrates
- Dietary fats
- Ghrelin
- Leptin
- Type 2 diabetes