The replicability of the personality inventory for DSM-5 domain scale factor structure in U.S. and non-U.S. samples: A quantitative review of the published literature

The present study aimed at quantitatively synthesizing published studies on the replicability of the Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5; PID-5) domain factor structure in U.S. and non-U.S. cultural contexts. A literature search was conducted, and 23 studies based on 25 samples (N = 24,240) were included. Seven studies provided data on the factor replicability of the PID-5 in the U.S. and 16 studies yielded PID-5 factor replicability data in non-U.S. countries. The majority (n = 17, 68.0%) of the studies were based on community/student samples. Median congruence coefficient (CC) values ranged from .92 to .98 in U.S. studies, and from .91 to .97 in non-U.S. studies. No significant effect of sample type, translation, and geographic area on CC values was observed. Meta-analytic structural equation modeling results supported the homogeneity of the PID-5 scale correlation matrices across both U.S. studies, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .039, and non-U.S. studies, RMSEA = .045. Dimensionality analyses of the pooled correlation matrix provided evidence for a 5-factor structure of the PID-5 scales in both U.S. and non-U.S. studies; the resulting factor loading matrices were highly similar to the normative U.S. factor loading matrix. As a whole, our findings support the generalizability of the PID-5 factor structure, suggesting the replicability of Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, and Psychoticism factors across different samples, translations, age groups, and nations. Further studies on samples from non-Western Europe countries, as well as from specific population, are needed before drawing definitive conclusions.