The role of predator removal, density-dependence, and environmental factors on mallard duckling survival in North Dakota

Agriculture & Biology

• ducklings 100%
• Anas platyrhynchos 92%
• predators 57%
• environmental factors 49%
• wetlands 20%
• nests 11%
• seasonal wetlands 11%
• Neovison vison 9%
• mink 8%
• Saskatchewan 8%
• telemetry 8%
• prairies 7%
• trapping 6%
• population growth 6%
• species recruitment 6%
• dates (fruit) 5%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• density dependence 96%
• predator 66%
• environmental factor 64%
• removal 40%
• wetland 15%
• nest 14%
• telemetry 7%
• prairie 6%
• trapping 6%
• population growth 5%
• program 3%