The Super-Kamiokande detector

S. Fukuda; Y. Fukuda; T. Hayakawa; E. Ichihara; M. Ishitsuka; Y. Itow; T. Kajita; J. Kameda; K. Kaneyuki; S. Kasuga; K. Kobayashi; Y. Kobayashi; Y. Koshio; M. Miura; S. Moriyama; M. Nakahata; S. Nakayama; T. Namba; Y. Obayashi; A. Okada; M. Oketa; K. Okumura; T. Oyabu; N. Sakurai; M. Shiozawa; Y. Suzuki; Y. Takeuchi; T. Toshito; Y. Totsuka; S. Yamada; S. Desai; M. Earl; J. T. Hong; E. Kearns; M. Masuzawa; M. D. Messier; J. L. Stone; L. R. Sulak; C. W. Walter; W. Wang; K. Scholberg; T. Barszczak; D. Casper; D. W. Liu; W. Gajewski; P. G. Halverson; J. Hsu; W. R. Kropp; S. Mine; L. R. Price; F. Reines; M. Smy; H. W. Sobel; M. R. Vagins; K. S. Ganezer; W. E. Keig; R. W. Ellsworth; S. Tasaka; J. W. Flanagan; A. Kibayashi; J. G. Learned; S. Matsuno; V. J. Stenger; Y. Hayato; T. Ishii; A. Ichikawa; J. Kanzaki; T. Kobayashi; T. Maruyama; K. Nakamura; Y. Oyama; A. Sakai; M. Sakuda; O. Sasaki; S. Echigo; T. Iwashita; M. Kohama; A. T. Suzuki; M. Hasegawa; T. Inagaki; I. Kato; H. Maesaka; T. Nakaya; K. Nishikawa; S. Yamamoto; T. J. Haines; B. K. Kim; R. Sanford; R. Svoboda; E. Blaufuss; M. L. Chen; Z. Conner; J. A. Goodman; E. Guillian; G. W. Sullivan; D. Turcan; A. Habig; M. Ackerman; F. Goebel; J. Hill; C. K. Jung; T. Kato; D. Kerr; M. Malek; K. Martens; C. Mauger; C. McGrew; E. Sharkey; B. Viren; C. Yanagisawa; W. Doki; S. Inaba; K. Ito; M. Kirisawa; M. Kitaguchi; C. Mitsuda; K. Miyano; C. Saji; M. Takahata; M. Takahashi; K. Higuchi; Y. Kajiyama; A. Kusano; Y. Nagashima; K. Nitta; M. Takita; T. Yamaguchi; M. Yoshida; H. I. Kim; S. B. Kim; J. Yoo; H. Okazawa; M. Etoh; K. Fujita; Y. Gando; A. Hasegawa; T. Hasegawa; S. Hatakeyama; K. Inoue; K. Ishihara; T. Iwamoto; M. Koga; I. Nishiyama; H. Ogawa; J. Shirai; A. Suzuki; T. Takayama; F. Tsushima; M. Koshiba; Y. Ichikawa; T. Hashimoto; Y. Hatakeyama; M. Koike; T. Horiuchi; M. Nemoto; K. Nishijima; H. Takeda; H. Fujiyasu; T. Futagami; H. Ishino; Y. Kanaya; M. Morii; H. Nishihama; H. Nishimura; T. Suzuki; Y. Watanabe; D. Kielczewska; U. Golebiewska; H. G. Berns; S. B. Boyd; R. A. Doyle; J. S. George; A. L. Stachyra; L. L. Wai; R. J. Wilkes; K. K. Young; H. Kobayashi

doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00425-X

The Super-Kamiokande detector

S. Fukuda, Y. Fukuda, T. Hayakawa, E. Ichihara, M. Ishitsuka, Y. Itow, T. Kajita, J. Kameda, K. Kaneyuki, S. Kasuga, K. Kobayashi, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Koshio, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, S. Nakayama, T. Namba, Y. Obayashi, A. OkadaM. Oketa, K. Okumura, T. Oyabu, N. Sakurai, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, T. Toshito, Y. Totsuka, S. Yamada, S. Desai, M. Earl, J. T. Hong, E. Kearns, M. Masuzawa, M. D. Messier, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, C. W. Walter, W. Wang, K. Scholberg, T. Barszczak, D. Casper, D. W. Liu, W. Gajewski, P. G. Halverson, J. Hsu, W. R. Kropp, S. Mine, L. R. Price, F. Reines, M. Smy, H. W. Sobel, M. R. Vagins, K. S. Ganezer, W. E. Keig, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Tasaka, J. W. Flanagan, A. Kibayashi, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, V. J. Stenger, Y. Hayato, T. Ishii, A. Ichikawa, J. Kanzaki, T. Kobayashi, T. Maruyama, K. Nakamura, Y. Oyama, A. Sakai, M. Sakuda, O. Sasaki, S. Echigo, T. Iwashita, M. Kohama, A. T. Suzuki, M. Hasegawa, T. Inagaki, I. Kato, H. Maesaka, T. Nakaya, K. Nishikawa, S. Yamamoto, T. J. Haines, B. K. Kim, R. Sanford, R. Svoboda, E. Blaufuss, M. L. Chen, Z. Conner, J. A. Goodman, E. Guillian, G. W. Sullivan, D. Turcan, A. Habig, M. Ackerman, F. Goebel, J. Hill, C. K. Jung, T. Kato, D. Kerr, M. Malek, K. Martens, C. Mauger, C. McGrew, E. Sharkey, B. Viren, C. Yanagisawa, W. Doki, S. Inaba, K. Ito, M. Kirisawa, M. Kitaguchi, C. Mitsuda, K. Miyano, C. Saji, M. Takahata, M. Takahashi, K. Higuchi, Y. Kajiyama, A. Kusano, Y. Nagashima, K. Nitta, M. Takita, T. Yamaguchi, M. Yoshida, H. I. Kim, S. B. Kim, J. Yoo, H. Okazawa, M. Etoh, K. Fujita, Y. Gando, A. Hasegawa, T. Hasegawa, S. Hatakeyama, K. Inoue, K. Ishihara, T. Iwamoto, M. Koga, I. Nishiyama, H. Ogawa, J. Shirai, A. Suzuki, T. Takayama, F. Tsushima, M. Koshiba, Y. Ichikawa, T. Hashimoto, Y. Hatakeyama, M. Koike, T. Horiuchi, M. Nemoto, K. Nishijima, H. Takeda, H. Fujiyasu, T. Futagami, H. Ishino, Y. Kanaya, M. Morii, H. Nishihama, H. Nishimura, T. Suzuki, Y. Watanabe, D. Kielczewska, U. Golebiewska, H. G. Berns, S. B. Boyd, R. A. Doyle, J. S. George, A. L. Stachyra, L. L. Wai, R. J. Wilkes, K. K. Young, H. Kobayashi

Physics & Astronomy (Duluth)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

818 Scopus citations

Abstract

Super-Kamiokande is the world's largest water Cherenkov detector, with net mass 50,000 tons. During the period April, 1996 to July, 2001, Super-Kamiokande I collected 1678 live-days of data, observing neutrinos from the Sun, Earth's atmosphere, and the K2K long-baseline neutrino beam with high efficiency. These data provided crucial information for our current understanding of neutrino oscillations, as well as setting stringent limits on nucleon decay. In this paper, we describe the detector in detail, including its site, configuration, data acquisition equipment, online and offline software, and calibration systems which were used during Super-Kamiokande I.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	418-462
Number of pages	45
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	501
Issue number	2-3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00425-X
State	Published - Apr 1 2003

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the Kamioka Mining and Smelting Company. The Super-Kamiokande detector has been built and operated from funds provided by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and the US Department of Energy.

Funding Information:
In addition, participation of individual researchers and institutions in the Super-Kamiokande detector construction and operation has been further supported by the funds from: the US National Science Foundation; the US Department of Energy OJI (Outstanding Junior Investigator) Program; the Los Alamos National Laboratory of the University of California; the Research Corporation's Cottrell College Science Award; the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Office of the Vice President of Research; the Polish KBN grant 5P03B06521; and the Korean Research Foundation (BK21) and the Korea Ministry of Science and Technology.

Keywords

Cosmic rays
K2K
Neutrinos
Super-Kamiokande
Water Cherenkov detector

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10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00425-X

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Fukuda, S., Fukuda, Y., Hayakawa, T., Ichihara, E., Ishitsuka, M., Itow, Y., Kajita, T., Kameda, J., Kaneyuki, K., Kasuga, S., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, Y., Koshio, Y., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Namba, T., Obayashi, Y., ... Kobayashi, H. (2003). The Super-Kamiokande detector. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 501(2-3), 418-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00425-X

Fukuda, S, Fukuda, Y, Hayakawa, T, Ichihara, E, Ishitsuka, M, Itow, Y, Kajita, T, Kameda, J, Kaneyuki, K, Kasuga, S, Kobayashi, K, Kobayashi, Y, Koshio, Y, Miura, M, Moriyama, S, Nakahata, M, Nakayama, S, Namba, T, Obayashi, Y, Okada, A, Oketa, M, Okumura, K, Oyabu, T, Sakurai, N, Shiozawa, M, Suzuki, Y, Takeuchi, Y, Toshito, T, Totsuka, Y, Yamada, S, Desai, S, Earl, M, Hong, JT, Kearns, E, Masuzawa, M, Messier, MD, Stone, JL, Sulak, LR, Walter, CW, Wang, W, Scholberg, K, Barszczak, T, Casper, D, Liu, DW, Gajewski, W, Halverson, PG, Hsu, J, Kropp, WR, Mine, S, Price, LR, Reines, F, Smy, M, Sobel, HW, Vagins, MR, Ganezer, KS, Keig, WE, Ellsworth, RW, Tasaka, S, Flanagan, JW, Kibayashi, A, Learned, JG, Matsuno, S, Stenger, VJ, Hayato, Y, Ishii, T, Ichikawa, A, Kanzaki, J, Kobayashi, T, Maruyama, T, Nakamura, K, Oyama, Y, Sakai, A, Sakuda, M, Sasaki, O, Echigo, S, Iwashita, T, Kohama, M, Suzuki, AT, Hasegawa, M, Inagaki, T, Kato, I, Maesaka, H, Nakaya, T, Nishikawa, K, Yamamoto, S, Haines, TJ, Kim, BK, Sanford, R, Svoboda, R, Blaufuss, E, Chen, ML, Conner, Z, Goodman, JA, Guillian, E, Sullivan, GW, Turcan, D, Habig, A, Ackerman, M, Goebel, F, Hill, J, Jung, CK, Kato, T, Kerr, D, Malek, M, Martens, K, Mauger, C, McGrew, C, Sharkey, E, Viren, B, Yanagisawa, C, Doki, W, Inaba, S, Ito, K, Kirisawa, M, Kitaguchi, M, Mitsuda, C, Miyano, K, Saji, C, Takahata, M, Takahashi, M, Higuchi, K, Kajiyama, Y, Kusano, A, Nagashima, Y, Nitta, K, Takita, M, Yamaguchi, T, Yoshida, M, Kim, HI, Kim, SB, Yoo, J, Okazawa, H, Etoh, M, Fujita, K, Gando, Y, Hasegawa, A, Hasegawa, T, Hatakeyama, S, Inoue, K, Ishihara, K, Iwamoto, T, Koga, M, Nishiyama, I, Ogawa, H, Shirai, J, Suzuki, A, Takayama, T, Tsushima, F, Koshiba, M, Ichikawa, Y, Hashimoto, T, Hatakeyama, Y, Koike, M, Horiuchi, T, Nemoto, M, Nishijima, K, Takeda, H, Fujiyasu, H, Futagami, T, Ishino, H, Kanaya, Y, Morii, M, Nishihama, H, Nishimura, H, Suzuki, T, Watanabe, Y, Kielczewska, D, Golebiewska, U, Berns, HG, Boyd, SB, Doyle, RA, George, JS, Stachyra, AL, Wai, LL, Wilkes, RJ, Young, KK & Kobayashi, H 2003, 'The Super-Kamiokande detector', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 501, no. 2-3, pp. 418-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00425-X

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title = "The Super-Kamiokande detector",

abstract = "Super-Kamiokande is the world's largest water Cherenkov detector, with net mass 50,000 tons. During the period April, 1996 to July, 2001, Super-Kamiokande I collected 1678 live-days of data, observing neutrinos from the Sun, Earth's atmosphere, and the K2K long-baseline neutrino beam with high efficiency. These data provided crucial information for our current understanding of neutrino oscillations, as well as setting stringent limits on nucleon decay. In this paper, we describe the detector in detail, including its site, configuration, data acquisition equipment, online and offline software, and calibration systems which were used during Super-Kamiokande I.",

keywords = "Cosmic rays, K2K, Neutrinos, Super-Kamiokande, Water Cherenkov detector",

author = "S. Fukuda and Y. Fukuda and T. Hayakawa and E. Ichihara and M. Ishitsuka and Y. Itow and T. Kajita and J. Kameda and K. Kaneyuki and S. Kasuga and K. Kobayashi and Y. Kobayashi and Y. Koshio and M. Miura and S. Moriyama and M. Nakahata and S. Nakayama and T. Namba and Y. Obayashi and A. Okada and M. Oketa and K. Okumura and T. Oyabu and N. Sakurai and M. Shiozawa and Y. Suzuki and Y. Takeuchi and T. Toshito and Y. Totsuka and S. Yamada and S. Desai and M. Earl and Hong, {J. T.} and E. Kearns and M. Masuzawa and Messier, {M. D.} and Stone, {J. L.} and Sulak, {L. R.} and Walter, {C. W.} and W. Wang and K. Scholberg and T. Barszczak and D. Casper and Liu, {D. W.} and W. Gajewski and Halverson, {P. G.} and J. Hsu and Kropp, {W. R.} and S. Mine and Price, {L. R.} and F. Reines and M. Smy and Sobel, {H. W.} and Vagins, {M. R.} and Ganezer, {K. S.} and Keig, {W. E.} and Ellsworth, {R. W.} and S. Tasaka and Flanagan, {J. W.} and A. Kibayashi and Learned, {J. G.} and S. Matsuno and Stenger, {V. J.} and Y. Hayato and T. Ishii and A. Ichikawa and J. Kanzaki and T. Kobayashi and T. Maruyama and K. Nakamura and Y. Oyama and A. Sakai and M. Sakuda and O. Sasaki and S. Echigo and T. Iwashita and M. Kohama and Suzuki, {A. T.} and M. Hasegawa and T. Inagaki and I. Kato and H. Maesaka and T. Nakaya and K. Nishikawa and S. Yamamoto and Haines, {T. J.} and Kim, {B. K.} and R. Sanford and R. Svoboda and E. Blaufuss and Chen, {M. L.} and Z. Conner and Goodman, {J. A.} and E. Guillian and Sullivan, {G. W.} and D. Turcan and A. Habig and M. Ackerman and F. Goebel and J. Hill and Jung, {C. K.} and T. Kato and D. Kerr and M. Malek and K. Martens and C. Mauger and C. McGrew and E. Sharkey and B. Viren and C. Yanagisawa and W. Doki and S. Inaba and K. Ito and M. Kirisawa and M. Kitaguchi and C. Mitsuda and K. Miyano and C. Saji and M. Takahata and M. Takahashi and K. Higuchi and Y. Kajiyama and A. Kusano and Y. Nagashima and K. Nitta and M. Takita and T. Yamaguchi and M. Yoshida and Kim, {H. I.} and Kim, {S. B.} and J. Yoo and H. Okazawa and M. Etoh and K. Fujita and Y. Gando and A. Hasegawa and T. Hasegawa and S. Hatakeyama and K. Inoue and K. Ishihara and T. Iwamoto and M. Koga and I. Nishiyama and H. Ogawa and J. Shirai and A. Suzuki and T. Takayama and F. Tsushima and M. Koshiba and Y. Ichikawa and T. Hashimoto and Y. Hatakeyama and M. Koike and T. Horiuchi and M. Nemoto and K. Nishijima and H. Takeda and H. Fujiyasu and T. Futagami and H. Ishino and Y. Kanaya and M. Morii and H. Nishihama and H. Nishimura and T. Suzuki and Y. Watanabe and D. Kielczewska and U. Golebiewska and Berns, {H. G.} and Boyd, {S. B.} and Doyle, {R. A.} and George, {J. S.} and Stachyra, {A. L.} and Wai, {L. L.} and Wilkes, {R. J.} and Young, {K. K.} and H. Kobayashi",

note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the Kamioka Mining and Smelting Company. The Super-Kamiokande detector has been built and operated from funds provided by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and the US Department of Energy. Funding Information: In addition, participation of individual researchers and institutions in the Super-Kamiokande detector construction and operation has been further supported by the funds from: the US National Science Foundation; the US Department of Energy OJI (Outstanding Junior Investigator) Program; the Los Alamos National Laboratory of the University of California; the Research Corporation's Cottrell College Science Award; the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Office of the Vice President of Research; the Polish KBN grant 5P03B06521; and the Korean Research Foundation (BK21) and the Korea Ministry of Science and Technology.",

year = "2003",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00425-X",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "501",

pages = "418--462",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "2-3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Super-Kamiokande detector

AU - Fukuda, S.

AU - Fukuda, Y.

AU - Hayakawa, T.

AU - Ichihara, E.

AU - Ishitsuka, M.

AU - Itow, Y.

AU - Kajita, T.

AU - Kameda, J.

AU - Kaneyuki, K.

AU - Kasuga, S.

AU - Kobayashi, K.

AU - Kobayashi, Y.

AU - Koshio, Y.

AU - Miura, M.

AU - Moriyama, S.

AU - Nakahata, M.

AU - Nakayama, S.

AU - Namba, T.

AU - Obayashi, Y.

AU - Okada, A.

AU - Oketa, M.

AU - Okumura, K.

AU - Oyabu, T.

AU - Sakurai, N.

AU - Shiozawa, M.

AU - Suzuki, Y.

AU - Takeuchi, Y.

AU - Toshito, T.

AU - Totsuka, Y.

AU - Yamada, S.

AU - Desai, S.

AU - Earl, M.

AU - Hong, J. T.

AU - Kearns, E.

AU - Masuzawa, M.

AU - Messier, M. D.

AU - Stone, J. L.

AU - Sulak, L. R.

AU - Walter, C. W.

AU - Wang, W.

AU - Scholberg, K.

AU - Barszczak, T.

AU - Casper, D.

AU - Liu, D. W.

AU - Gajewski, W.

AU - Halverson, P. G.

AU - Hsu, J.

AU - Kropp, W. R.

AU - Mine, S.

AU - Price, L. R.

AU - Reines, F.

AU - Smy, M.

AU - Sobel, H. W.

AU - Vagins, M. R.

AU - Ganezer, K. S.

AU - Keig, W. E.

AU - Ellsworth, R. W.

AU - Tasaka, S.

AU - Flanagan, J. W.

AU - Kibayashi, A.

AU - Learned, J. G.

AU - Matsuno, S.

AU - Stenger, V. J.

AU - Hayato, Y.

AU - Ishii, T.

AU - Ichikawa, A.

AU - Kanzaki, J.

AU - Kobayashi, T.

AU - Maruyama, T.

AU - Nakamura, K.

AU - Oyama, Y.

AU - Sakai, A.

AU - Sakuda, M.

AU - Sasaki, O.

AU - Echigo, S.

AU - Iwashita, T.

AU - Kohama, M.

AU - Suzuki, A. T.

AU - Hasegawa, M.

AU - Inagaki, T.

AU - Kato, I.

AU - Maesaka, H.

AU - Nakaya, T.

AU - Nishikawa, K.

AU - Yamamoto, S.

AU - Haines, T. J.

AU - Kim, B. K.

AU - Sanford, R.

AU - Svoboda, R.

AU - Blaufuss, E.

AU - Chen, M. L.

AU - Conner, Z.

AU - Goodman, J. A.

AU - Guillian, E.

AU - Sullivan, G. W.

AU - Turcan, D.

AU - Habig, A.

AU - Ackerman, M.

AU - Goebel, F.

AU - Hill, J.

AU - Jung, C. K.

AU - Kato, T.

AU - Kerr, D.

AU - Malek, M.

AU - Martens, K.

AU - Mauger, C.

AU - McGrew, C.

AU - Sharkey, E.

AU - Viren, B.

AU - Yanagisawa, C.

AU - Doki, W.

AU - Inaba, S.

AU - Ito, K.

AU - Kirisawa, M.

AU - Kitaguchi, M.

AU - Mitsuda, C.

AU - Miyano, K.

AU - Saji, C.

AU - Takahata, M.

AU - Takahashi, M.

AU - Higuchi, K.

AU - Kajiyama, Y.

AU - Kusano, A.

AU - Nagashima, Y.

AU - Nitta, K.

AU - Takita, M.

AU - Yamaguchi, T.

AU - Yoshida, M.

AU - Kim, H. I.

AU - Kim, S. B.

AU - Yoo, J.

AU - Okazawa, H.

AU - Etoh, M.

AU - Fujita, K.

AU - Gando, Y.

AU - Hasegawa, A.

AU - Hasegawa, T.

AU - Hatakeyama, S.

AU - Inoue, K.

AU - Ishihara, K.

AU - Iwamoto, T.

AU - Koga, M.

AU - Nishiyama, I.

AU - Ogawa, H.

AU - Shirai, J.

AU - Suzuki, A.

AU - Takayama, T.

AU - Tsushima, F.

AU - Koshiba, M.

AU - Ichikawa, Y.

AU - Hashimoto, T.

AU - Hatakeyama, Y.

AU - Koike, M.

AU - Horiuchi, T.

AU - Nemoto, M.

AU - Nishijima, K.

AU - Takeda, H.

AU - Fujiyasu, H.

AU - Futagami, T.

AU - Ishino, H.

AU - Kanaya, Y.

AU - Morii, M.

AU - Nishihama, H.

AU - Nishimura, H.

AU - Suzuki, T.

AU - Watanabe, Y.

AU - Kielczewska, D.

AU - Golebiewska, U.

AU - Berns, H. G.

AU - Boyd, S. B.

AU - Doyle, R. A.

AU - George, J. S.

AU - Stachyra, A. L.

AU - Wai, L. L.

AU - Wilkes, R. J.

AU - Young, K. K.

AU - Kobayashi, H.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the Kamioka Mining and Smelting Company. The Super-Kamiokande detector has been built and operated from funds provided by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and the US Department of Energy. Funding Information: In addition, participation of individual researchers and institutions in the Super-Kamiokande detector construction and operation has been further supported by the funds from: the US National Science Foundation; the US Department of Energy OJI (Outstanding Junior Investigator) Program; the Los Alamos National Laboratory of the University of California; the Research Corporation's Cottrell College Science Award; the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Office of the Vice President of Research; the Polish KBN grant 5P03B06521; and the Korean Research Foundation (BK21) and the Korea Ministry of Science and Technology.

PY - 2003/4/1

Y1 - 2003/4/1

N2 - Super-Kamiokande is the world's largest water Cherenkov detector, with net mass 50,000 tons. During the period April, 1996 to July, 2001, Super-Kamiokande I collected 1678 live-days of data, observing neutrinos from the Sun, Earth's atmosphere, and the K2K long-baseline neutrino beam with high efficiency. These data provided crucial information for our current understanding of neutrino oscillations, as well as setting stringent limits on nucleon decay. In this paper, we describe the detector in detail, including its site, configuration, data acquisition equipment, online and offline software, and calibration systems which were used during Super-Kamiokande I.

AB - Super-Kamiokande is the world's largest water Cherenkov detector, with net mass 50,000 tons. During the period April, 1996 to July, 2001, Super-Kamiokande I collected 1678 live-days of data, observing neutrinos from the Sun, Earth's atmosphere, and the K2K long-baseline neutrino beam with high efficiency. These data provided crucial information for our current understanding of neutrino oscillations, as well as setting stringent limits on nucleon decay. In this paper, we describe the detector in detail, including its site, configuration, data acquisition equipment, online and offline software, and calibration systems which were used during Super-Kamiokande I.

KW - Cosmic rays

KW - K2K

KW - Neutrinos

KW - Super-Kamiokande

KW - Water Cherenkov detector

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=17144440163&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=17144440163&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00425-X

DO - 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00425-X

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:17144440163

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 501

SP - 418

EP - 462

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

IS - 2-3

ER -

The Super-Kamiokande detector

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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