Transcriptional regulation of CXC-ELR chemokines KC and MIP-2 in mouse pancreatic acini

Lidiya S. Orlichenko, Jaideep Behari, Tzu Hsuan Yeh, Shiguang Liu, Donna B. Stolz, Ashok K. Saluja, Vijay P. Singh

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

35 Scopus citations

Abstract

Neutrophils and their chemoattractants, the CXC-ELR chemokines keratinocyte cytokine (KC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), play a critical role in pancreatitis. While acute pancreatitis is initiated in acinar cells, it is unclear if these are a source of CXC-ELR chemokines. KC and MIP-2 have NF-κB, activator protein-1 (AP-1) sites in their promoter regions. However, previous studies have shown increased basal and reduced caerulein-induced AP-1 activation in harvested pancreatic tissue in vitro, which limits interpreting the caerulein-induced response. Moreover, recent studies suggest that NF-κB silencing in acinar cells alone may not be sufficient to reduce inflammation in acute pancreatitis. Thus the aim of this study was to determine whether acinar cells are a source of KC and MIP-2 and to understand their transcriptional regulation. Primary overnight-cultured murine pancreatic acini were used after confirming their ability to replicate physiological and pathological acinar cell responses. Upstream signaling resulting in KC, MIP-2 upregulation was studied along with activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. Cultured acini replicated critical responses to physiological and pathological caerulein concentrations. KC and MIP-2 mRNA levels increased in response to supramaximal but not to physiological caerulein doses. This upregulation was calcium and protein kinase C (PKC), but not cAMP, dependent. NF-κB inhibition completely prevented upregulation of KC but not MIP-2. Complete suppression of MIP-2 upregulation required dual inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1. Acinar cells are a likely source of KC and MIP-2 upregulation during pancreatitis. This upregulation is dependent on calcium and PKC. MIP-2 upregulation requires both NF-κB and AP-1 in these cells. Thus dual inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 may be a more successful strategy to reduce inflammation in pancreatitis than targeting NF-κB alone.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)G867-G876
JournalAmerican Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
Volume299
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 2010

Keywords

  • Acinar
  • Activator protein-1
  • Keratinocyte cytokine
  • Macrophage inflammatory protein-2
  • Nuclear factor-κB

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