Transdifferentiation of chicken embryonic cells into muscle cells by the 3′ untranslated region of muscle tropomyosin

Transfection with a plasmid encoding the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of skeletal muscle tropomyosin induces chicken embryonic fibroblasts to express skeletal tropomyosin. Such cells become spindle shaped, fuse, and express titin, a marker of striated muscle differentiation. Skeletal muscle tropomyosin and titin organize in sarcomeric arrays. When the tropomyosin 3′ UTR is expressed in osteoblasts, less skeletal muscle tropomyosin is expressed, and titin expression is delayed. Some transfected osteoblasts become spindle shaped but do not fuse nor organize these proteins into sarcomeres. Transfected cells expressing muscle tropomyosin organize muscle and nonmuscle isoforms into the same structures. Thus, the skeletal muscle tropomyosin 3′ UTR induces transdifferentiation into a striated muscle phenotype in a cell-type-specific context.