Ultra-thin large-aperture vacuum windows for millimeter wavelengths receivers

Denis Barkats; Marion I. Dierickx; John M. Kovac; Chris Pentacoff; P. A.R. Ade; Z. Ahmed; R. W. Aikin; K. D. Alexander; S. J. Benton; C. A. Bischoff; J. J. Bock; R. Bowens-Rubin; J. A. Brevik; I. Buder; E. Bullock; V. Buza; J. Connors; J. Cornelison; B. P. Crill; M. Crumrine; L. Duband; C. Dvorkin; J. P. Filippini; S. Fliescher; J. A. Grayson; G. Hall; M. Halpern; S. A. Harrison; S. R. Hildebrandt; G. C. Hilton; H. Hui; K. D. Irwin; J. Kang; K. S. Karkare; E. Karpel; J. P. Kaufman; B. G. Keating; S. Kefeli; S. A. Kernasovskiy; C. L. Kuo; K. Lau; N. A. Larsen; E. M. Leitch; M. Lueker; K. G. Megerian; L. Moncelsi; T. Namikawa; H. T. Nguyen; R. O'Brient; R. W. Ogburn; S. Palladino; C. Pryke; B. Racine; S. Richter; R. Schwarz; A. Schillaci; C. D. Sheehy; A. Soliman; T. St Germaine; Z. K. Staniszewski; B. Steinbach; R. V. Sudiwala; G. P. Teply; K. L. Thompson; J. E. Tolan; C. Tucker; A. D. Turner; C. Umiltà; A. G. Vieregg; A. Wandui; A. C. Weber; D. V. Wiebe; J. Willmert; C. L. Wong; W. L.K. Wu; H. Yang; K. W. Yoon; C. Zhang

doi:10.1117/12.2312585

Ultra-thin large-aperture vacuum windows for millimeter wavelengths receivers

Denis Barkats, Marion I. Dierickx, John M. Kovac, Chris Pentacoff, P. A.R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, R. W. Aikin, K. D. Alexander, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, R. Bowens-Rubin, J. A. Brevik, I. Buder, E. Bullock, V. Buza, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, B. P. Crill, M. CrumrineL. Duband, C. Dvorkin, J. P. Filippini, S. Fliescher, J. A. Grayson, G. Hall, M. Halpern, S. A. Harrison, S. R. Hildebrandt, G. C. Hilton, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. Kang, K. S. Karkare, E. Karpel, J. P. Kaufman, B. G. Keating, S. Kefeli, S. A. Kernasovskiy, C. L. Kuo, K. Lau, N. A. Larsen, E. M. Leitch, M. Lueker, K. G. Megerian, L. Moncelsi, T. Namikawa, H. T. Nguyen, R. O'Brient, R. W. Ogburn, S. Palladino, C. Pryke, B. Racine, S. Richter, R. Schwarz, A. Schillaci, C. D. Sheehy, A. Soliman, T. St Germaine, Z. K. Staniszewski, B. Steinbach, R. V. Sudiwala, G. P. Teply, K. L. Thompson, J. E. Tolan, C. Tucker, A. D. Turner, C. Umiltà, A. G. Vieregg, A. Wandui, A. C. Weber, D. V. Wiebe, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, W. L.K. Wu, H. Yang, K. W. Yoon, C. Zhang

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

Targeting faint polarization patterns arising from Primordial Gravitational Waves in the Cosmic Microwave Background requires excellent observational sensitivity. Optical elements in small aperture experiments such as Bicep3 and Keck Array are designed to optimize throughput and minimize losses from transmission, reflection and scattering at millimeter wavelengths. As aperture size increases, cryostat vacuum windows must withstand larger forces from atmospheric pressure and the solution has often led to a thicker window at the expense of larger transmission loss. We have identified a new candidate material for the fabrication of vacuum windows: with a tensile strength two orders of magnitude larger than previously used materials, woven high-modulus polyethylene could allow for dramatically thinner windows, and therefore significantly reduced losses and higher sensitivity. In these proceedings we investigate the suitability of high-modulus polyethylene windows for ground-based CMB experiments, such as current and future receivers in the Bicep/Keck Array program. This includes characterizing their optical transmission as well as their mechanical behavior under atmospheric pressure. We find that such ultra-thin materials are promising candidates to improve the performance of large-aperture instruments at millimeter wavelengths, and outline a plan for further tests ahead of a possible upcoming field deployment of such a science-grade window.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX
Editors	Jonas Zmuidzinas, Jian-Rong Gao
Publisher	SPIE
ISBN (Print)	9781510619692
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312585
State	Published - 2018
Event	Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX 2018 - Austin, United States Duration: Jun 12 2018 → Jun 15 2018

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	10708
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)	1996-756X

Other

Other	Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX 2018
Country/Territory	United States
City	Austin
Period	6/12/18 → 6/15/18

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 SPIE.

Keywords

BICEP
Cosmic Microwave Background
Keck Array
Millimeter Wavelengths
Polarization
Polymer Materials
Primordial Gravitational Waves
Vacuum Windows

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10.1117/12.2312585

https://authors.library.caltech.edu/92133/1/107082K.pdf

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Barkats, D., Dierickx, M. I., Kovac, J. M., Pentacoff, C., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Alexander, K. D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crill, B. P., ... Zhang, C. (2018). Ultra-thin large-aperture vacuum windows for millimeter wavelengths receivers. In J. Zmuidzinas, & J.-R. Gao (Eds.), Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX Article 107082K (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 10708). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312585

Ultra-thin large-aperture vacuum windows for millimeter wavelengths receivers. / Barkats, Denis; Dierickx, Marion I.; Kovac, John M. et al.
Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX. ed. / Jonas Zmuidzinas; Jian-Rong Gao. SPIE, 2018. 107082K (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 10708).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Barkats, D, Dierickx, MI, Kovac, JM, Pentacoff, C, Ade, PAR, Ahmed, Z, Aikin, RW, Alexander, KD, Benton, SJ, Bischoff, CA, Bock, JJ, Bowens-Rubin, R, Brevik, JA, Buder, I, Bullock, E, Buza, V, Connors, J, Cornelison, J, Crill, BP, Crumrine, M, Duband, L, Dvorkin, C, Filippini, JP, Fliescher, S, Grayson, JA, Hall, G, Halpern, M, Harrison, SA, Hildebrandt, SR, Hilton, GC, Hui, H, Irwin, KD, Kang, J, Karkare, KS, Karpel, E, Kaufman, JP, Keating, BG, Kefeli, S, Kernasovskiy, SA, Kuo, CL, Lau, K, Larsen, NA, Leitch, EM, Lueker, M, Megerian, KG, Moncelsi, L, Namikawa, T, Nguyen, HT, O'Brient, R, Ogburn, RW, Palladino, S, Pryke, C, Racine, B, Richter, S, Schwarz, R, Schillaci, A, Sheehy, CD, Soliman, A, St Germaine, T, Staniszewski, ZK, Steinbach, B, Sudiwala, RV, Teply, GP, Thompson, KL, Tolan, JE, Tucker, C, Turner, AD, Umiltà, C, Vieregg, AG, Wandui, A, Weber, AC, Wiebe, DV, Willmert, J, Wong, CL, Wu, WLK, Yang, H, Yoon, KW & Zhang, C 2018, Ultra-thin large-aperture vacuum windows for millimeter wavelengths receivers. in J Zmuidzinas & J-R Gao (eds), Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX., 107082K, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 10708, SPIE, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX 2018, Austin, United States, 6/12/18. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312585

Barkats D, Dierickx MI, Kovac JM, Pentacoff C, Ade PAR, Ahmed Z et al. Ultra-thin large-aperture vacuum windows for millimeter wavelengths receivers. In Zmuidzinas J, Gao JR, editors, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX. SPIE. 2018. 107082K. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering). doi: 10.1117/12.2312585

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abstract = "Targeting faint polarization patterns arising from Primordial Gravitational Waves in the Cosmic Microwave Background requires excellent observational sensitivity. Optical elements in small aperture experiments such as Bicep3 and Keck Array are designed to optimize throughput and minimize losses from transmission, reflection and scattering at millimeter wavelengths. As aperture size increases, cryostat vacuum windows must withstand larger forces from atmospheric pressure and the solution has often led to a thicker window at the expense of larger transmission loss. We have identified a new candidate material for the fabrication of vacuum windows: with a tensile strength two orders of magnitude larger than previously used materials, woven high-modulus polyethylene could allow for dramatically thinner windows, and therefore significantly reduced losses and higher sensitivity. In these proceedings we investigate the suitability of high-modulus polyethylene windows for ground-based CMB experiments, such as current and future receivers in the Bicep/Keck Array program. This includes characterizing their optical transmission as well as their mechanical behavior under atmospheric pressure. We find that such ultra-thin materials are promising candidates to improve the performance of large-aperture instruments at millimeter wavelengths, and outline a plan for further tests ahead of a possible upcoming field deployment of such a science-grade window.",

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author = "Denis Barkats and Dierickx, {Marion I.} and Kovac, {John M.} and Chris Pentacoff and Ade, {P. A.R.} and Z. Ahmed and Aikin, {R. W.} and Alexander, {K. D.} and Benton, {S. J.} and Bischoff, {C. A.} and Bock, {J. J.} and R. Bowens-Rubin and Brevik, {J. A.} and I. Buder and E. Bullock and V. Buza and J. Connors and J. Cornelison and Crill, {B. P.} and M. Crumrine and L. Duband and C. Dvorkin and Filippini, {J. P.} and S. Fliescher and Grayson, {J. A.} and G. Hall and M. Halpern and Harrison, {S. A.} and Hildebrandt, {S. R.} and Hilton, {G. C.} and H. Hui and Irwin, {K. D.} and J. Kang and Karkare, {K. S.} and E. Karpel and Kaufman, {J. P.} and Keating, {B. G.} and S. Kefeli and Kernasovskiy, {S. A.} and Kuo, {C. L.} and K. Lau and Larsen, {N. A.} and Leitch, {E. M.} and M. Lueker and Megerian, {K. G.} and L. Moncelsi and T. Namikawa and Nguyen, {H. T.} and R. O'Brient and Ogburn, {R. W.} and S. Palladino and C. Pryke and B. Racine and S. Richter and R. Schwarz and A. Schillaci and Sheehy, {C. D.} and A. Soliman and {St Germaine}, T. and Staniszewski, {Z. K.} and B. Steinbach and Sudiwala, {R. V.} and Teply, {G. P.} and Thompson, {K. L.} and Tolan, {J. E.} and C. Tucker and Turner, {A. D.} and C. Umilt{\`a} and Vieregg, {A. G.} and A. Wandui and Weber, {A. C.} and Wiebe, {D. V.} and J. Willmert and Wong, {C. L.} and Wu, {W. L.K.} and H. Yang and Yoon, {K. W.} and C. Zhang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 SPIE.; Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX 2018 ; Conference date: 12-06-2018 Through 15-06-2018",

year = "2018",

doi = "10.1117/12.2312585",

language = "English (US)",

isbn = "9781510619692",

series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",

publisher = "SPIE",

editor = "Jonas Zmuidzinas and Jian-Rong Gao",

booktitle = "Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX",

address = "United States",

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TY - GEN

T1 - Ultra-thin large-aperture vacuum windows for millimeter wavelengths receivers

AU - Barkats, Denis

AU - Dierickx, Marion I.

AU - Kovac, John M.

AU - Pentacoff, Chris

AU - Ade, P. A.R.

AU - Ahmed, Z.

AU - Aikin, R. W.

AU - Alexander, K. D.

AU - Benton, S. J.

AU - Bischoff, C. A.

AU - Bock, J. J.

AU - Bowens-Rubin, R.

AU - Brevik, J. A.

AU - Buder, I.

AU - Bullock, E.

AU - Buza, V.

AU - Connors, J.

AU - Cornelison, J.

AU - Crill, B. P.

AU - Crumrine, M.

AU - Duband, L.

AU - Dvorkin, C.

AU - Filippini, J. P.

AU - Fliescher, S.

AU - Grayson, J. A.

AU - Hall, G.

AU - Halpern, M.

AU - Harrison, S. A.

AU - Hildebrandt, S. R.

AU - Hilton, G. C.

AU - Hui, H.

AU - Irwin, K. D.

AU - Kang, J.

AU - Karkare, K. S.

AU - Karpel, E.

AU - Kaufman, J. P.

AU - Keating, B. G.

AU - Kefeli, S.

AU - Kernasovskiy, S. A.

AU - Kuo, C. L.

AU - Lau, K.

AU - Larsen, N. A.

AU - Leitch, E. M.

AU - Lueker, M.

AU - Megerian, K. G.

AU - Moncelsi, L.

AU - Namikawa, T.

AU - Nguyen, H. T.

AU - O'Brient, R.

AU - Ogburn, R. W.

AU - Palladino, S.

AU - Pryke, C.

AU - Racine, B.

AU - Richter, S.

AU - Schwarz, R.

AU - Schillaci, A.

AU - Sheehy, C. D.

AU - Soliman, A.

AU - St Germaine, T.

AU - Staniszewski, Z. K.

AU - Steinbach, B.

AU - Sudiwala, R. V.

AU - Teply, G. P.

AU - Thompson, K. L.

AU - Tolan, J. E.

AU - Tucker, C.

AU - Turner, A. D.

AU - Umiltà, C.

AU - Vieregg, A. G.

AU - Wandui, A.

AU - Weber, A. C.

AU - Wiebe, D. V.

AU - Willmert, J.

AU - Wong, C. L.

AU - Wu, W. L.K.

AU - Yang, H.

AU - Yoon, K. W.

AU - Zhang, C.

PY - 2018

Y1 - 2018

N2 - Targeting faint polarization patterns arising from Primordial Gravitational Waves in the Cosmic Microwave Background requires excellent observational sensitivity. Optical elements in small aperture experiments such as Bicep3 and Keck Array are designed to optimize throughput and minimize losses from transmission, reflection and scattering at millimeter wavelengths. As aperture size increases, cryostat vacuum windows must withstand larger forces from atmospheric pressure and the solution has often led to a thicker window at the expense of larger transmission loss. We have identified a new candidate material for the fabrication of vacuum windows: with a tensile strength two orders of magnitude larger than previously used materials, woven high-modulus polyethylene could allow for dramatically thinner windows, and therefore significantly reduced losses and higher sensitivity. In these proceedings we investigate the suitability of high-modulus polyethylene windows for ground-based CMB experiments, such as current and future receivers in the Bicep/Keck Array program. This includes characterizing their optical transmission as well as their mechanical behavior under atmospheric pressure. We find that such ultra-thin materials are promising candidates to improve the performance of large-aperture instruments at millimeter wavelengths, and outline a plan for further tests ahead of a possible upcoming field deployment of such a science-grade window.

AB - Targeting faint polarization patterns arising from Primordial Gravitational Waves in the Cosmic Microwave Background requires excellent observational sensitivity. Optical elements in small aperture experiments such as Bicep3 and Keck Array are designed to optimize throughput and minimize losses from transmission, reflection and scattering at millimeter wavelengths. As aperture size increases, cryostat vacuum windows must withstand larger forces from atmospheric pressure and the solution has often led to a thicker window at the expense of larger transmission loss. We have identified a new candidate material for the fabrication of vacuum windows: with a tensile strength two orders of magnitude larger than previously used materials, woven high-modulus polyethylene could allow for dramatically thinner windows, and therefore significantly reduced losses and higher sensitivity. In these proceedings we investigate the suitability of high-modulus polyethylene windows for ground-based CMB experiments, such as current and future receivers in the Bicep/Keck Array program. This includes characterizing their optical transmission as well as their mechanical behavior under atmospheric pressure. We find that such ultra-thin materials are promising candidates to improve the performance of large-aperture instruments at millimeter wavelengths, and outline a plan for further tests ahead of a possible upcoming field deployment of such a science-grade window.

KW - BICEP

KW - Cosmic Microwave Background

KW - Keck Array

KW - Millimeter Wavelengths

KW - Polarization

KW - Polymer Materials

KW - Primordial Gravitational Waves

KW - Vacuum Windows

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85051960796&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1117/12.2312585

DO - 10.1117/12.2312585

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:85051960796

SN - 9781510619692

T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

BT - Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX

A2 - Zmuidzinas, Jonas

A2 - Gao, Jian-Rong

PB - SPIE

T2 - Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX 2018

Y2 - 12 June 2018 through 15 June 2018

ER -

Ultra-thin large-aperture vacuum windows for millimeter wavelengths receivers

Abstract

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