Ultrahigh energy cosmic ray composition from surface air shower and underground muon measurements at Soudan 2

N. P. Longley; C. R. Bode; P. M. Border; H. Courant; D. M. Demuth; R. N. Gray; K. Johns; S. M.S. Kasahara; M. J. Lowe; M. L. Marshak; W. H. Miller; L. Mualem; E. A. Peterson; D. M. Roback; K. Ruddick; D. J. Schmid; M. H. Schub; M. A. Shupe; V. Vassiliev; G. Villaume; S. J. Werkema; D. S. Ayres; T. H. Fields; H. M. Gallagher; M. C. Goodman; F. V. Lopez; E. N. May; L. E. Price; R. V. Seidlein; J. L. Thron; H. J. Trost; J. L. Uretsky; W. W.M. Allison; G. D. Barr; C. B. Brooks; J. H. Cobb; G. L. Giller; A. Stassinakis; M. A. Thomson; N. West; U. Wielgosz; G. J. Alner; D. J.A. Cockerill; R. J. Cotton; C. Garcia-Garcia; P. J. Litchfield; G. F. Pearce; B. Ewen; T. Kafka; J. Kochocki

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.52.2760

Ultrahigh energy cosmic ray composition from surface air shower and underground muon measurements at Soudan 2

N. P. Longley, C. R. Bode, P. M. Border, H. Courant, D. M. Demuth, R. N. Gray, K. Johns, S. M.S. Kasahara, M. J. Lowe, M. L. Marshak, W. H. Miller, L. Mualem, E. A. Peterson, D. M. Roback, K. Ruddick, D. J. Schmid, M. H. Schub, M. A. Shupe, V. Vassiliev, G. VillaumeS. J. Werkema, D. S. Ayres, T. H. Fields, H. M. Gallagher, M. C. Goodman, F. V. Lopez, E. N. May, L. E. Price, R. V. Seidlein, J. L. Thron, H. J. Trost, J. L. Uretsky, W. W.M. Allison, G. D. Barr, C. B. Brooks, J. H. Cobb, G. L. Giller, A. Stassinakis, M. A. Thomson, N. West, U. Wielgosz, G. J. Alner, D. J.A. Cockerill, R. J. Cotton, C. Garcia-Garcia, P. J. Litchfield, G. F. Pearce, B. Ewen, T. Kafka, J. Kochocki

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

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Abstract

The Soudan 2 experiment has performed time-coincident cosmic ray air shower and underground muon measurements. Comparisons to Monte Carlo predictions show that such measurements can make statistically significant tests of the primary composition in the knee region of the cosmic ray spectrum. The results do not support any significant increase in the average primary mass with energy in the range of 104 TeV per nucleus. Some systematic uncertainties remain, however, particularly in the Monte Carlo modeling of the cosmic ray shower.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	2760-2765
Number of pages	6
Journal	Physical Review D
Volume	52
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.52.2760
State	Published - 1995

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Longley, N. P., Bode, C. R., Border, P. M., Courant, H., Demuth, D. M., Gray, R. N., Johns, K., Kasahara, S. M. S., Lowe, M. J., Marshak, M. L., Miller, W. H., Mualem, L., Peterson, E. A., Roback, D. M., Ruddick, K., Schmid, D. J., Schub, M. H., Shupe, M. A., Vassiliev, V., ... Kochocki, J. (1995). Ultrahigh energy cosmic ray composition from surface air shower and underground muon measurements at Soudan 2. Physical Review D, 52(5), 2760-2765. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.52.2760

Longley, NP, Bode, CR, Border, PM, Courant, H, Demuth, DM, Gray, RN, Johns, K, Kasahara, SMS, Lowe, MJ, Marshak, ML, Miller, WH, Mualem, L, Peterson, EA, Roback, DM, Ruddick, K, Schmid, DJ, Schub, MH, Shupe, MA, Vassiliev, V, Villaume, G, Werkema, SJ, Ayres, DS, Fields, TH, Gallagher, HM, Goodman, MC, Lopez, FV, May, EN, Price, LE, Seidlein, RV, Thron, JL, Trost, HJ, Uretsky, JL, Allison, WWM, Barr, GD, Brooks, CB, Cobb, JH, Giller, GL, Stassinakis, A, Thomson, MA, West, N, Wielgosz, U, Alner, GJ, Cockerill, DJA, Cotton, RJ, Garcia-Garcia, C, Litchfield, PJ, Pearce, GF, Ewen, B, Kafka, T & Kochocki, J 1995, 'Ultrahigh energy cosmic ray composition from surface air shower and underground muon measurements at Soudan 2', Physical Review D, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 2760-2765. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.52.2760

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abstract = "The Soudan 2 experiment has performed time-coincident cosmic ray air shower and underground muon measurements. Comparisons to Monte Carlo predictions show that such measurements can make statistically significant tests of the primary composition in the knee region of the cosmic ray spectrum. The results do not support any significant increase in the average primary mass with energy in the range of 104 TeV per nucleus. Some systematic uncertainties remain, however, particularly in the Monte Carlo modeling of the cosmic ray shower.",

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AU - Border, P. M.

AU - Courant, H.

AU - Demuth, D. M.

AU - Gray, R. N.

AU - Johns, K.

AU - Kasahara, S. M.S.

AU - Lowe, M. J.

AU - Marshak, M. L.

AU - Miller, W. H.

AU - Mualem, L.

AU - Peterson, E. A.

AU - Roback, D. M.

AU - Ruddick, K.

AU - Schmid, D. J.

AU - Schub, M. H.

AU - Shupe, M. A.

AU - Vassiliev, V.

AU - Villaume, G.

AU - Werkema, S. J.

AU - Ayres, D. S.

AU - Fields, T. H.

AU - Gallagher, H. M.

AU - Goodman, M. C.

AU - Lopez, F. V.

AU - May, E. N.

AU - Price, L. E.

AU - Seidlein, R. V.

AU - Thron, J. L.

AU - Trost, H. J.

AU - Uretsky, J. L.

AU - Allison, W. W.M.

AU - Barr, G. D.

AU - Brooks, C. B.

AU - Cobb, J. H.

AU - Giller, G. L.

AU - Stassinakis, A.

AU - Thomson, M. A.

AU - West, N.

AU - Wielgosz, U.

AU - Alner, G. J.

AU - Cockerill, D. J.A.

AU - Cotton, R. J.

AU - Garcia-Garcia, C.

AU - Litchfield, P. J.

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AU - Ewen, B.

AU - Kafka, T.

AU - Kochocki, J.

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AB - The Soudan 2 experiment has performed time-coincident cosmic ray air shower and underground muon measurements. Comparisons to Monte Carlo predictions show that such measurements can make statistically significant tests of the primary composition in the knee region of the cosmic ray spectrum. The results do not support any significant increase in the average primary mass with energy in the range of 104 TeV per nucleus. Some systematic uncertainties remain, however, particularly in the Monte Carlo modeling of the cosmic ray shower.

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Ultrahigh energy cosmic ray composition from surface air shower and underground muon measurements at Soudan 2

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