TY - JOUR
T1 - Vitamin D inhibition of prostate adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis in the dunning rat prostate model system
AU - Getzenberg, Robert H.
AU - Light, Benjamin W.
AU - Lapco, Paul E.
AU - Konety, Badrinath R.
AU - Nangia, Ajay K.
AU - Acierno, James S.
AU - Dhir, Rajiv
AU - Shurin, Zoya
AU - Day, Roger S.
AU - Trump, Donald L.
AU - Johnson, Candace S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by USPHS grants CA 67267, CA 60397, and P30 CA47904from the National Cancer Institute, NH.
PY - 1997/12
Y1 - 1997/12
N2 - Objectives. Risk factors for prostate cancer (PCa)-related mortality include old age, black race, and residence in northern latitudes. The objectives of this study are to examine the in vitro and in vivo effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-D3) and less-hypercalcemic analogues on the Dunning rat prostate adenocarcinoma model. Methods. To evaluate the effect of 1,25-D3 on PCa in vitro, we used the highly metastatic Mat-lylu (MLL) and moderately metastatic R3327-AT-2 (AT-2) Dunning prostate cell lines, and examined effects on growth, clonogenicity, differentiation, and cell cycle. In vivo analysis included examination of the effects of these compounds on tumor growth and metastasis. Results. Using both the 5-day MTT and 7-day clonogenic assay, 1,25-D3 demonstrated a growth inhibitory effect with a concentration for 50% inhibition (IC50) of approximately 20 μM for both MLL and AT-2. Cell cycle analysis of treated MLL cells (10 μM 1,25-D3 for 48 hours) had 25% more cells in the G0/G1 phase than did control cells. To examine the in vivo effect of 1,25-D3 and the less hypercalcemic vitamin D analogue, Ro25-6760 (or 6760), on MLL PCa growth and metastasis, tumors (5 x 105 cells) were implanted subcutaneously into the flank of Copenhagen rats on the same day that treatment was initiated with 1,25-D3 (1 μg) or 6760 (1 or 5 μg); rats received treatment three times a week. After 3 weeks, 1,25- D3 and 6760 (5 μg dosing) resulted in an inhibition of tumor volume and a reduction in the number and size of lung metastases. Conclusions. These preclinical studies demonstrate the profound in vitro, or in vivo, or both antiproliferative and differentiating effects of 1,25-D3 and 6760 on PCa and suggest that these drugs may have potential beneficial effects in the treatment of advanced PCa.
AB - Objectives. Risk factors for prostate cancer (PCa)-related mortality include old age, black race, and residence in northern latitudes. The objectives of this study are to examine the in vitro and in vivo effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-D3) and less-hypercalcemic analogues on the Dunning rat prostate adenocarcinoma model. Methods. To evaluate the effect of 1,25-D3 on PCa in vitro, we used the highly metastatic Mat-lylu (MLL) and moderately metastatic R3327-AT-2 (AT-2) Dunning prostate cell lines, and examined effects on growth, clonogenicity, differentiation, and cell cycle. In vivo analysis included examination of the effects of these compounds on tumor growth and metastasis. Results. Using both the 5-day MTT and 7-day clonogenic assay, 1,25-D3 demonstrated a growth inhibitory effect with a concentration for 50% inhibition (IC50) of approximately 20 μM for both MLL and AT-2. Cell cycle analysis of treated MLL cells (10 μM 1,25-D3 for 48 hours) had 25% more cells in the G0/G1 phase than did control cells. To examine the in vivo effect of 1,25-D3 and the less hypercalcemic vitamin D analogue, Ro25-6760 (or 6760), on MLL PCa growth and metastasis, tumors (5 x 105 cells) were implanted subcutaneously into the flank of Copenhagen rats on the same day that treatment was initiated with 1,25-D3 (1 μg) or 6760 (1 or 5 μg); rats received treatment three times a week. After 3 weeks, 1,25- D3 and 6760 (5 μg dosing) resulted in an inhibition of tumor volume and a reduction in the number and size of lung metastases. Conclusions. These preclinical studies demonstrate the profound in vitro, or in vivo, or both antiproliferative and differentiating effects of 1,25-D3 and 6760 on PCa and suggest that these drugs may have potential beneficial effects in the treatment of advanced PCa.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0031463720&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0031463720&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0090-4295(97)00408-1
DO - 10.1016/S0090-4295(97)00408-1
M3 - Article
C2 - 9426741
AN - SCOPUS:0031463720
SN - 0090-4295
VL - 50
SP - 999
EP - 1006
JO - Urology
JF - Urology
IS - 6
ER -