TY - JOUR
T1 - Alcohol Effects on Colon Epithelium are Time-Dependent
AU - Bishehsari, Faraz
AU - Zhang, Lijuan
AU - Voigt, Robin M.
AU - Maltby, Natalie
AU - Semsarieh, Bita
AU - Zorub, Eyas
AU - Shaikh, Maliha
AU - Wilber, Sherry
AU - Armstrong, Andrew R.
AU - Mirbagheri, Seyed Sina
AU - Preite, Nailliw Z.
AU - Song, Peter
AU - Stornetta, Alessia
AU - Balbo, Silvia
AU - Forsyth, Christopher B.
AU - Keshavarzian, Ali
N1 - Funding Information:
Faraz Bishehsari is supported by NIH/NIAAA: AA025387 as well as Rush Translational Sciences Consortium/Swim Across America Organization grant. Ali Kesha-varzian is supported by NIH/NIAAA: AA023417.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the Research Society on Alcoholism
PY - 2019/9/1
Y1 - 2019/9/1
N2 - Background: Alcohol intake increases the risk of developing colon cancer. Circadian disruption promotes alcohol's effect on colon carcinogenesis through unknown mechanisms. Alcohol's metabolites induce DNA damage, an early step in carcinogenesis. We assessed the effect of time of alcohol consumption on markers of tissue damage in the colonic epithelium. Methods: Mice were treated by alcohol or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), at 4-hour intervals for 3 days, and their colons were analyzed for (i) proliferation (Ki67) and antiapoptosis (Bcl-2) markers, (ii) DNA damage (γ-H2AX), and (iii) the major acetaldehyde (AcH)–DNA adduct, N2-ethylidene-dG. To model circadian disruption, mice were shifted once weekly for 12 h and then were sacrificed at 4-hour intervals. Samples of mice with a dysfunctional molecular clock were analyzed. The dynamics of DNA damage repair from AcH treatment as well as role of xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A (XPA) in their repair were studied in vitro. Results: Proliferation and survival of colonic epithelium have daily rhythmicity. Alcohol induced colonic epithelium proliferation in a time-dependent manner, with a stronger effect during the light/rest period. Alcohol-associated DNA damage also occurred more when alcohol was given at light. Levels of DNA adduct did not vary by time, suggesting rather lower repair efficiency during the light versus dark. XPA gene expression, a key excision repair gene, was time-dependent, peaking at the beginning of the dark. XPA knockout colon epithelial cells were inefficient in repair of the DNA damage induced by alcohol's metabolite. Conclusions: Time of day of alcohol intake may be an important determinant of colon tissue damage and carcinogenicity.
AB - Background: Alcohol intake increases the risk of developing colon cancer. Circadian disruption promotes alcohol's effect on colon carcinogenesis through unknown mechanisms. Alcohol's metabolites induce DNA damage, an early step in carcinogenesis. We assessed the effect of time of alcohol consumption on markers of tissue damage in the colonic epithelium. Methods: Mice were treated by alcohol or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), at 4-hour intervals for 3 days, and their colons were analyzed for (i) proliferation (Ki67) and antiapoptosis (Bcl-2) markers, (ii) DNA damage (γ-H2AX), and (iii) the major acetaldehyde (AcH)–DNA adduct, N2-ethylidene-dG. To model circadian disruption, mice were shifted once weekly for 12 h and then were sacrificed at 4-hour intervals. Samples of mice with a dysfunctional molecular clock were analyzed. The dynamics of DNA damage repair from AcH treatment as well as role of xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A (XPA) in their repair were studied in vitro. Results: Proliferation and survival of colonic epithelium have daily rhythmicity. Alcohol induced colonic epithelium proliferation in a time-dependent manner, with a stronger effect during the light/rest period. Alcohol-associated DNA damage also occurred more when alcohol was given at light. Levels of DNA adduct did not vary by time, suggesting rather lower repair efficiency during the light versus dark. XPA gene expression, a key excision repair gene, was time-dependent, peaking at the beginning of the dark. XPA knockout colon epithelial cells were inefficient in repair of the DNA damage induced by alcohol's metabolite. Conclusions: Time of day of alcohol intake may be an important determinant of colon tissue damage and carcinogenicity.
KW - Alcohol
KW - Circadian
KW - Colon Carcinogenesis
KW - Time
KW - Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Complementation Group A
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U2 - 10.1111/acer.14141
DO - 10.1111/acer.14141
M3 - Article
C2 - 31237690
AN - SCOPUS:85069933270
SN - 0145-6008
VL - 43
SP - 1898
EP - 1908
JO - Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
JF - Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
IS - 9
ER -