Abstract
We introduce a new problem of gaze anticipation on future frames which extends the conventional gaze prediction problem to go beyond current frames. To solve this problem, we propose a new generative adversarial network based model, Deep Future Gaze (DFG), encompassing two pathways: DFG-P is to anticipate gaze prior maps conditioned on the input frame which provides task influences; DFG-G is to learn to model both semantic and motion information in future frame generation. DFG-P and DFG-G are then fused to anticipate future gazes. DFG-G consists of two networks: a generator and a discriminator. The generator uses a two-stream spatial-temporal convolution architecture (3D-CNN) for explicitly untangling the foreground and background to generate future frames. It then attaches another 3D-CNN for gaze anticipation based on these synthetic frames. The discriminator plays against the generator by distinguishing the synthetic frames of the generator from the real frames. Experimental results on the publicly available egocentric and third person video datasets show that DFG significantly outperforms all competitive baselines. We also demonstrate that DFG achieves better performance of gaze prediction on current frames in egocentric and third person videos than state-of-the-art methods.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 8471119 |
Pages (from-to) | 1783-1796 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
Volume | 41 |
Issue number | 8 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Aug 1 2019 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported by the Reverse Engineering Visual Intelligence for cognitiVe Enhancement (REVIVE) programme (1335H00098) funded by A*STAR, National University of Singapore startup grant R-263-000-C08-133 and Ministry of Education of Singapore AcRF Tier One grant R-263-000-C21-112. We also like to thank Yin Li, Sayed Hossein Khatoonabadi, and Victor Leboran for their help in replicating the experimental setups in [3], [33], [34].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 IEEE.
Keywords
- Egocentric videos
- gaze anticipation
- generative adversarial network
- saliency
- visual attention