Abstract
Background Identifying potentially modifiable risk factors is critically important for reducing the burden of chronic kidney disease. We sought to examine the association of body mass index (BMI) with kidney function decline in a cohort of young adults with preserved glomerular filtration at baseline. Study Design Longitudinal cohort. Setting & Participants 2,839 black and white young adults with cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys) > 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 taking part in the year-10 examination (in 1995-1996) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Predictor BMI, categorized as 18.5-24.9 (reference), 25.0-29.9, 30.0-39.9, and ≥40.0 kg/m2. Outcomes Trajectory of kidney function decline, rapid decline (>3% per year), and incident eGFRcys < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 over 10 years of follow-up. Measurements GFRcys estimated from the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation for calibrated cystatin C at CARDIA years 10, 15, and 20. Results At year 10, participants had a mean age of 35.1 years, median eGFRcys of 114 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 24.5% had BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2. After age 30 years, average eGFR cys was progressively lower with each increment in BMI after adjustment for baseline age, race, sex, hyperlipidemia, smoking status, and physical activity. Higher BMI category was associated with successively higher odds of rapid decline (for 25.0-29.9, 30.0-39.9, and ≥40.0 kg/m2, adjusted ORs were 1.50 [95% CI, 1.21-1.87], 2.01 [95% CI, 1.57-2.87], and 2.57 [95% CI, 1.67-3.94], respectively). 18 participants (0.6%) had incident eGFRcys < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. In unadjusted analysis, higher BMI category was associated with incident eGFRcys < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (for 25.0-29.9, 30.0-39.9, and ≥40.0 kg/m 2, ORs were 5.17 [95% CI, 1.10-25.38], 7.44 [95% CI, 1.54-35.95], and 5.55 [95% CI, 0.50-61.81], respectively); adjusted associations were no longer significant. Limitations Inability to describe kidney function before differences by BMI category were already evident. Absence of data for measured GFR or GFR estimated from serum creatinine level. Conclusions Higher BMI categories are associated with greater declines in kidney function in a cohort of young adults with preserved GFR at baseline. Clinicians should vigilantly monitor overweight and obese patients for evidence of early kidney function decline.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 590-597 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | American Journal of Kidney Diseases |
| Volume | 63 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Apr 2014 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Support: Dr Grubbs was supported by grant 1K23DK093710-01A1 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and by the Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation . Dr Bibbins-Domingo was supported in part by grant R01DK078124 from the NIDDK, grant N01HC48050 from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) , and from the Center for Health and Risk in Minority Youth and Adults (CHARM) grant 1P60MD006902 from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Comprehensive Centers of Excellence , and from grant P30-DK092924 from the NIDDK. This project was supported in part by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH) , through UCSF-CTSI grant KL2 TR000143 . Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. The CARDIA Study is supported by contracts HHSN268201300025C, HHSN268201300026C, HHSN268201300027C, HHSN268201300028C, HHSN268201300029C, and HHSN268200900041C from the NHLBI and the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging . The manuscript was reviewed by CARDIA for scientific content prior to submission.
Keywords
- Kidney function decline
- obesity
- risk factor
