TY - JOUR
T1 - Breakfast frequency and quality may affect glycemia and appetite in adults and children1-4
AU - Pereira, Mark A
AU - Erickson, Elizabeth
AU - McKee, Patricia
AU - Schrankler, Karilyn
AU - Raatz, Susan K.
AU - Lytle, Leslie A.
AU - Pellegrini, Anthony D.
PY - 2011/1/1
Y1 - 2011/1/1
N2 - Observational studies of breakfast frequency in children and adults suggest an inverse (protective) association between the frequency of eating breakfast and the risk for obesity and chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. More prospective studies with stronger designs are needed, as are experimental studies on this topic. In addition, above and beyond breakfast frequency, the roles of dietary quality and composition need to be studied in the context of eating or skipping breakfast. Experimental studies are also necessary to rigorously test causality and biological mechanisms. Therefore, we conducted 2 pilot experimental studies to examine some of the effects of breakfast skipping and breakfast composition on blood glucose and appetite in children and adults. Our results suggest that breakfast frequency and quality may be related in causal ways to appetite controls and blood sugar control, supporting the hypothesis that the breakfast meal and its quality may have important causal implications for the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
AB - Observational studies of breakfast frequency in children and adults suggest an inverse (protective) association between the frequency of eating breakfast and the risk for obesity and chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. More prospective studies with stronger designs are needed, as are experimental studies on this topic. In addition, above and beyond breakfast frequency, the roles of dietary quality and composition need to be studied in the context of eating or skipping breakfast. Experimental studies are also necessary to rigorously test causality and biological mechanisms. Therefore, we conducted 2 pilot experimental studies to examine some of the effects of breakfast skipping and breakfast composition on blood glucose and appetite in children and adults. Our results suggest that breakfast frequency and quality may be related in causal ways to appetite controls and blood sugar control, supporting the hypothesis that the breakfast meal and its quality may have important causal implications for the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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U2 - 10.3945/jn.109.114405
DO - 10.3945/jn.109.114405
M3 - Article
C2 - 21123469
AN - SCOPUS:78650479016
SN - 0022-3166
VL - 141
SP - 163
EP - 168
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
IS - 1
ER -