Abstract
Background: Agriculture is considered among the most dangerous occupations and has consistently ranked among the top three. Production processes, associated with this occupation, place at risk not only workers but also others who live on the operations. We evaluated the incidence and determinants of associated bystander injuries in the Regional Rural Injury Study-II (RRIS-II). Methods: The RRIS-II followed 32,601 people (∼85% of eligible) from rural communities in the Midwest for 1999 and 2001, using six-month recall periods, and identified their injury events. Demographic, injury, and exposure data were collected through comprehensive and case-control computer-assisted telephone interviews. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the risk of child bystanding and agricultural injury, while controlling for potentially confounding variables. Results: Nearly 60% of all 425-child injury cases (<20 years) responded to sometimes/frequently bystanding in six out of seven different agricultural environments (e.g., workshops, animal areas, etc.) Multivariate regression analyses, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, showed increased odds of injury for bystanding near used (1.5; 1.1, 1.9) or stored (1.4; 1.1, 1.8) machinery, and near fields and barnyards (1.4; 1.0, 1.9). Further, multivariate analyses revealed increased odds of bystanding for parental beliefs, such as: child age (1.4; 1.0, 2.0) near stored equipment. Parental levels of strictness were also evaluated and showed decreased odds of bystanding when the parents were not strict about the child's wearing a seatbelt near used equipment (0.5; 0.3, 1.0). Households with only one child had decreased odds of bystanding for five of the exposures while there was an increased odds of bystanding near animals for households with five or more children. Conclusions: Although parents cannot child-proof their operations, it is important for them to understand the apparent odds of and risks associated with bystanding. Children can have injury odds similar to adults in this environment; therefore, it is necessary to examine parental factors that may be associated with children's likelihood of bystanding in high-risk work environments.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 10-18 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Accident Analysis and Prevention |
| Volume | 42 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 2010 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This manuscript was awarded a “Co-Best Student Paper Award” from the Injury Control and Emergency Health Services Section of the American Public Health Association, 2008. The award was sponsored, in part, by the Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety. Contents of this effort are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the American Public Health Association or the Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety.
Funding Information:
Support was provided, in part, by the: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services (R01 CCR514375; R01-OH04270); Midwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety, Occupational Injury Prevention Research Training Program (NIOSH T42 OH008434); and the Regional Injury Prevention Research Center, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. The contents of this effort are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the CDC or other associated entities.
Keywords
- Agricultural bystander
- Child bystander
- Child injury
