Constraints on the very high energy emission from BL Lacertae objects

D. Horan; H. M. Badran; I. H. Bond; P. J. Boyle; S. M. Bradbury; J. H. Buckley; D. A. Carter-Lewis; M. Catanese; O. Celik; W. Cui; M. Daniel; M. D'Vali; I. De La Calle Perez; C. Duke; A. Falcone; D. J. Fegan; S. J. Fegan; J. P. Finley; L. F. Fortson; J. A. Gaidos; S. Gammell; K. Gibbs; G. H. Gillanders; J. Grube; J. Hall; T. A. Hall; D. Hanna; A. M. Hillas; J. Holder; A. Jarvis; M. Jordan; G. E. Kenny; M. Kertzman; D. Kieda; J. Kildea; J. Knapp; K. Kosack; H. Krawczynski; F. Krennrich; M. J. Lang; S. Le Bohec; E. Linton; J. Lloyd-Evans; A. Milovanovic; P. Moriarty; D. Muller; T. Nagai; S. Nolan; R. A. Ong; R. Pallassini; D. Petry; B. Power-Mooney; J. Quinn; M. Quinn; K. Ragan; P. Rebillot; P. T. Reynolds; H. J. Rose; M. Schroedter; G. H. Sembroski; S. P. Swordy; A. Syson; V. V. Vassiliev; S. P. Wakely; G. Walker; T. C. Weekes; J. Zweerink

doi:10.1086/381430

Constraints on the very high energy emission from BL Lacertae objects

D. Horan, H. M. Badran, I. H. Bond, P. J. Boyle, S. M. Bradbury, J. H. Buckley, D. A. Carter-Lewis, M. Catanese, O. Celik, W. Cui, M. Daniel, M. D'Vali, I. De La Calle Perez, C. Duke, A. Falcone, D. J. Fegan, S. J. Fegan, J. P. Finley, L. F. Fortson, J. A. GaidosS. Gammell, K. Gibbs, G. H. Gillanders, J. Grube, J. Hall, T. A. Hall, D. Hanna, A. M. Hillas, J. Holder, A. Jarvis, M. Jordan, G. E. Kenny, M. Kertzman, D. Kieda, J. Kildea, J. Knapp, K. Kosack, H. Krawczynski, F. Krennrich, M. J. Lang, S. Le Bohec, E. Linton, J. Lloyd-Evans, A. Milovanovic, P. Moriarty, D. Muller, T. Nagai, S. Nolan, R. A. Ong, R. Pallassini, D. Petry, B. Power-Mooney, J. Quinn, M. Quinn, K. Ragan, P. Rebillot, P. T. Reynolds, H. J. Rose, M. Schroedter, G. H. Sembroski, S. P. Swordy, A. Syson, V. V. Vassiliev, S. P. Wakely, G. Walker, T. C. Weekes, J. Zweerink

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

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Abstract

We present results from observations of 29 BL Lacertae objects, taken with the Whipple Observatory 10 m gamma-ray telescope between 1995 and 2000. The observed objects are mostly at low redshift (z < 0.2), but observations of objects of up to z = 0.444 are also reported. Five of the objects are EGRET sources and two are unconfirmed TeV sources. Three of the confirmed sources of extragalactic TeV gamma rays were originally observed as part of this survey and have been reported elsewhere. No significant excesses are detected from any of the other objects observed, on timescales of days, months, or years. We report 99.9% confidence level flux upper limits for the objects for each observing season. The flux upper limits are typically 20% of the Crab flux, although for some sources, limits as sensitive as 6% of the Crab flux were derived. The results are consistent with the synchrotron self-Compton model predictions considered in this work.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	51-61
Number of pages	11
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	603
Issue number	1 I
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1086/381430
State	Published - Mar 1 2004

Keywords

BL Lacertae objects: general
Galaxies: jets
Gamma rays: observations

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Horan, D., Badran, H. M., Bond, I. H., Boyle, P. J., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Carter-Lewis, D. A., Catanese, M., Celik, O., Cui, W., Daniel, M., D'Vali, M., De La Calle Perez, I., Duke, C., Falcone, A., Fegan, D. J., Fegan, S. J., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L. F., ... Zweerink, J. (2004). Constraints on the very high energy emission from BL Lacertae objects. Astrophysical Journal, 603(1 I), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1086/381430

Horan, D, Badran, HM, Bond, IH, Boyle, PJ, Bradbury, SM, Buckley, JH, Carter-Lewis, DA, Catanese, M, Celik, O, Cui, W, Daniel, M, D'Vali, M, De La Calle Perez, I, Duke, C, Falcone, A, Fegan, DJ, Fegan, SJ, Finley, JP, Fortson, LF, Gaidos, JA, Gammell, S, Gibbs, K, Gillanders, GH, Grube, J, Hall, J, Hall, TA, Hanna, D, Hillas, AM, Holder, J, Jarvis, A, Jordan, M, Kenny, GE, Kertzman, M, Kieda, D, Kildea, J, Knapp, J, Kosack, K, Krawczynski, H, Krennrich, F, Lang, MJ, Le Bohec, S, Linton, E, Lloyd-Evans, J, Milovanovic, A, Moriarty, P, Muller, D, Nagai, T, Nolan, S, Ong, RA, Pallassini, R, Petry, D, Power-Mooney, B, Quinn, J, Quinn, M, Ragan, K, Rebillot, P, Reynolds, PT, Rose, HJ, Schroedter, M, Sembroski, GH, Swordy, SP, Syson, A, Vassiliev, VV, Wakely, SP, Walker, G, Weekes, TC & Zweerink, J 2004, 'Constraints on the very high energy emission from BL Lacertae objects', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 603, no. 1 I, pp. 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1086/381430

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title = "Constraints on the very high energy emission from BL Lacertae objects",

abstract = "We present results from observations of 29 BL Lacertae objects, taken with the Whipple Observatory 10 m gamma-ray telescope between 1995 and 2000. The observed objects are mostly at low redshift (z < 0.2), but observations of objects of up to z = 0.444 are also reported. Five of the objects are EGRET sources and two are unconfirmed TeV sources. Three of the confirmed sources of extragalactic TeV gamma rays were originally observed as part of this survey and have been reported elsewhere. No significant excesses are detected from any of the other objects observed, on timescales of days, months, or years. We report 99.9% confidence level flux upper limits for the objects for each observing season. The flux upper limits are typically 20% of the Crab flux, although for some sources, limits as sensitive as 6% of the Crab flux were derived. The results are consistent with the synchrotron self-Compton model predictions considered in this work.",

keywords = "BL Lacertae objects: general, Galaxies: jets, Gamma rays: observations",

author = "D. Horan and Badran, {H. M.} and Bond, {I. H.} and Boyle, {P. J.} and Bradbury, {S. M.} and Buckley, {J. H.} and Carter-Lewis, {D. A.} and M. Catanese and O. Celik and W. Cui and M. Daniel and M. D'Vali and {De La Calle Perez}, I. and C. Duke and A. Falcone and Fegan, {D. J.} and Fegan, {S. J.} and Finley, {J. P.} and Fortson, {L. F.} and Gaidos, {J. A.} and S. Gammell and K. Gibbs and Gillanders, {G. H.} and J. Grube and J. Hall and Hall, {T. A.} and D. Hanna and Hillas, {A. M.} and J. Holder and A. Jarvis and M. Jordan and Kenny, {G. E.} and M. Kertzman and D. Kieda and J. Kildea and J. Knapp and K. Kosack and H. Krawczynski and F. Krennrich and Lang, {M. J.} and {Le Bohec}, S. and E. Linton and J. Lloyd-Evans and A. Milovanovic and P. Moriarty and D. Muller and T. Nagai and S. Nolan and Ong, {R. A.} and R. Pallassini and D. Petry and B. Power-Mooney and J. Quinn and M. Quinn and K. Ragan and P. Rebillot and Reynolds, {P. T.} and Rose, {H. J.} and M. Schroedter and Sembroski, {G. H.} and Swordy, {S. P.} and A. Syson and Vassiliev, {V. V.} and Wakely, {S. P.} and G. Walker and Weekes, {T. C.} and J. Zweerink",

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doi = "10.1086/381430",

language = "English (US)",

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AU - Horan, D.

AU - Badran, H. M.

AU - Bond, I. H.

AU - Boyle, P. J.

AU - Bradbury, S. M.

AU - Buckley, J. H.

AU - Carter-Lewis, D. A.

AU - Catanese, M.

AU - Celik, O.

AU - Cui, W.

AU - Daniel, M.

AU - D'Vali, M.

AU - De La Calle Perez, I.

AU - Duke, C.

AU - Falcone, A.

AU - Fegan, D. J.

AU - Fegan, S. J.

AU - Finley, J. P.

AU - Fortson, L. F.

AU - Gaidos, J. A.

AU - Gammell, S.

AU - Gibbs, K.

AU - Gillanders, G. H.

AU - Grube, J.

AU - Hall, J.

AU - Hall, T. A.

AU - Hanna, D.

AU - Hillas, A. M.

AU - Holder, J.

AU - Jarvis, A.

AU - Jordan, M.

AU - Kenny, G. E.

AU - Kertzman, M.

AU - Kieda, D.

AU - Kildea, J.

AU - Knapp, J.

AU - Kosack, K.

AU - Krawczynski, H.

AU - Krennrich, F.

AU - Lang, M. J.

AU - Le Bohec, S.

AU - Linton, E.

AU - Lloyd-Evans, J.

AU - Milovanovic, A.

AU - Moriarty, P.

AU - Muller, D.

AU - Nagai, T.

AU - Nolan, S.

AU - Ong, R. A.

AU - Pallassini, R.

AU - Petry, D.

AU - Power-Mooney, B.

AU - Quinn, J.

AU - Quinn, M.

AU - Ragan, K.

AU - Rebillot, P.

AU - Reynolds, P. T.

AU - Rose, H. J.

AU - Schroedter, M.

AU - Sembroski, G. H.

AU - Swordy, S. P.

AU - Syson, A.

AU - Vassiliev, V. V.

AU - Wakely, S. P.

AU - Walker, G.

AU - Weekes, T. C.

AU - Zweerink, J.

PY - 2004/3/1

Y1 - 2004/3/1

N2 - We present results from observations of 29 BL Lacertae objects, taken with the Whipple Observatory 10 m gamma-ray telescope between 1995 and 2000. The observed objects are mostly at low redshift (z < 0.2), but observations of objects of up to z = 0.444 are also reported. Five of the objects are EGRET sources and two are unconfirmed TeV sources. Three of the confirmed sources of extragalactic TeV gamma rays were originally observed as part of this survey and have been reported elsewhere. No significant excesses are detected from any of the other objects observed, on timescales of days, months, or years. We report 99.9% confidence level flux upper limits for the objects for each observing season. The flux upper limits are typically 20% of the Crab flux, although for some sources, limits as sensitive as 6% of the Crab flux were derived. The results are consistent with the synchrotron self-Compton model predictions considered in this work.

AB - We present results from observations of 29 BL Lacertae objects, taken with the Whipple Observatory 10 m gamma-ray telescope between 1995 and 2000. The observed objects are mostly at low redshift (z < 0.2), but observations of objects of up to z = 0.444 are also reported. Five of the objects are EGRET sources and two are unconfirmed TeV sources. Three of the confirmed sources of extragalactic TeV gamma rays were originally observed as part of this survey and have been reported elsewhere. No significant excesses are detected from any of the other objects observed, on timescales of days, months, or years. We report 99.9% confidence level flux upper limits for the objects for each observing season. The flux upper limits are typically 20% of the Crab flux, although for some sources, limits as sensitive as 6% of the Crab flux were derived. The results are consistent with the synchrotron self-Compton model predictions considered in this work.

KW - BL Lacertae objects: general

KW - Galaxies: jets

KW - Gamma rays: observations

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=17144445350&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1086/381430

DO - 10.1086/381430

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:17144445350

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 603

SP - 51

EP - 61

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1 I

ER -

Constraints on the very high energy emission from BL Lacertae objects

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