TY - JOUR
T1 - El Ninõ and the Nomads
T2 - Global Climate, Local Environment, and the Crisis of Pastoralism in Late Ottoman Kurdistan
AU - Pehlivan, Zozan
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - This article explores the impacts of environmental crises on pastoral nomads in Ottoman Kurdistan/Armenia in the late nineteenth-century. It demonstrates that the climatic fluctuations characterizing these environmental crises were synchronized with global climatic oscillations, specifically the El Ninõ Southern Oscillation. Recurrent episodes of severe drought and cold dramatically affected these groups, who were unable to withstand extreme changes in temperature and precipitation. Back-to-back drought episodes created a shortage of water, dried up pastures and damaged forage, while severe cold resulted in high rates of premature death among herd animals. These climatic events thus had devastating economic and social consequences.
AB - This article explores the impacts of environmental crises on pastoral nomads in Ottoman Kurdistan/Armenia in the late nineteenth-century. It demonstrates that the climatic fluctuations characterizing these environmental crises were synchronized with global climatic oscillations, specifically the El Ninõ Southern Oscillation. Recurrent episodes of severe drought and cold dramatically affected these groups, who were unable to withstand extreme changes in temperature and precipitation. Back-to-back drought episodes created a shortage of water, dried up pastures and damaged forage, while severe cold resulted in high rates of premature death among herd animals. These climatic events thus had devastating economic and social consequences.
KW - ENSO (El Ninõ Southern Oscillation)
KW - environment
KW - Kurdistan/Armenia
KW - nomadic pastoralism
KW - Ottoman Empire
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85084807392&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85084807392&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1163/15685209-12341513
DO - 10.1163/15685209-12341513
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85084807392
VL - 63
SP - 316
EP - 356
JO - Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
JF - Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
SN - 0022-4995
IS - 3
ER -