Evaluating costs of heavy metal tolerance in a widely distributed, invasive butterfly

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• butterfly 82%
• tolerance 61%
• heavy metal 50%
• cost 36%
• pollution tolerance 23%
• invasive species 14%
• pollution 13%
• zinc 11%
• reproductive effort 10%
• pollution exposure 9%
• monoculture 8%
• pollutant 8%
• pest 7%
• allele 7%
• genotype 7%
• environmental pollution 6%
• fitness 6%
• egg 6%
• family 5%
• habitat 4%
• metal 4%

Medicine & Life Sciences

• Butterflies 100%
• Heavy Metals 82%
• Costs and Cost Analysis 43%
• Introduced Species 22%
• Brassica 18%
• Environmental Pollutants 15%
• Zinc 13%
• Environmental Pollution 9%
• Population Characteristics 8%
• Population 8%
• Ecosystem 7%
• Eggs 7%
• European Continental Ancestry Group 6%
• Metals 6%
• Alleles 5%
• Genotype 4%

Agriculture & Biology

• metal tolerance 86%
• butterflies 70%
• pollution 59%
• invasive species 20%
• pollutants 19%
• Brassica oleracea var. oleracea 18%
• Pieris rapae 13%
• cabbage 10%
• heavy metals 8%
• case studies 8%
• metals 7%
• pests 7%
• alleles 6%
• genotype 5%
• eggs 5%
• habitats 5%