Glycerin esterification of scum derived free fatty acids for biodiesel production

Erik A Anderson; Min M Addy; Qinglong Xie; Huan Ma; Yuhuan Liu; Yanling Cheng; Nonso Onuma; Paul L Chen; R. R Ruan

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.018

Glycerin esterification of scum derived free fatty acids for biodiesel production

Erik A Anderson, Min M Addy, Qinglong Xie, Huan Ma, Yuhuan Liu, Yanling Cheng, Nonso Onuma, Paul L Chen, R. R Ruan

Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

Scum is an oily waste stream of the wastewater treatment process that can be used to produce biodiesel. Combining acid hydrolysis and solvent extraction, a free fatty acid and acyl-glycerol rich product was produced. Free fatty acids (FFAs) present were converted to acyl-glycols via a high temperature (238°C) glycerin esterification process known as glycerolysis. The inorganic catalysts zinc aluminum oxide and sodium sulfate were tested during glycerolysis to compare the reaction kinetics of converting FFA to acyl-glycerols. It was concluded that the zinc-based catalyst increased the reaction rate significantly, from a "k" value of 2.57 (uncatalyzed) to 5.63, completing the reaction in 60min, half the time it took the uncatalyzed reaction (120min). Sodium sulfate's presence however slowed the reaction, resulting in a "k" value of 1.45, completing the reaction in 180min. Use of the external catalyst Zn-Al₂O₃ showed the greatest catalytic potential, but also assumes additional costs.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	153-160
Number of pages	8
Journal	Bioresource Technology
Volume	200
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.018
State	Published - Jan 1 2016

Keywords

Biodiesel
Glycerolysis
Scum
Solvent extraction
Wastewater treatment

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following Sustainable Development Goal(s)

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title = "Glycerin esterification of scum derived free fatty acids for biodiesel production",

abstract = "Scum is an oily waste stream of the wastewater treatment process that can be used to produce biodiesel. Combining acid hydrolysis and solvent extraction, a free fatty acid and acyl-glycerol rich product was produced. Free fatty acids (FFAs) present were converted to acyl-glycols via a high temperature (238°C) glycerin esterification process known as glycerolysis. The inorganic catalysts zinc aluminum oxide and sodium sulfate were tested during glycerolysis to compare the reaction kinetics of converting FFA to acyl-glycerols. It was concluded that the zinc-based catalyst increased the reaction rate significantly, from a {"}k{"} value of 2.57 (uncatalyzed) to 5.63, completing the reaction in 60min, half the time it took the uncatalyzed reaction (120min). Sodium sulfate's presence however slowed the reaction, resulting in a {"}k{"} value of 1.45, completing the reaction in 180min. Use of the external catalyst Zn-Al2O3 showed the greatest catalytic potential, but also assumes additional costs.",

keywords = "Biodiesel, Glycerolysis, Scum, Solvent extraction, Wastewater treatment",

author = "Anderson, {Erik A} and Addy, {Min M} and Qinglong Xie and Huan Ma and Yuhuan Liu and Yanling Cheng and Nonso Onuma and Chen, {Paul L} and Ruan, {R. R}",

year = "2016",

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doi = "10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.018",

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AU - Anderson, Erik A

AU - Addy, Min M

AU - Xie, Qinglong

AU - Ma, Huan

AU - Liu, Yuhuan

AU - Cheng, Yanling

AU - Onuma, Nonso

AU - Chen, Paul L

AU - Ruan, R. R

PY - 2016/1/1

Y1 - 2016/1/1

N2 - Scum is an oily waste stream of the wastewater treatment process that can be used to produce biodiesel. Combining acid hydrolysis and solvent extraction, a free fatty acid and acyl-glycerol rich product was produced. Free fatty acids (FFAs) present were converted to acyl-glycols via a high temperature (238°C) glycerin esterification process known as glycerolysis. The inorganic catalysts zinc aluminum oxide and sodium sulfate were tested during glycerolysis to compare the reaction kinetics of converting FFA to acyl-glycerols. It was concluded that the zinc-based catalyst increased the reaction rate significantly, from a "k" value of 2.57 (uncatalyzed) to 5.63, completing the reaction in 60min, half the time it took the uncatalyzed reaction (120min). Sodium sulfate's presence however slowed the reaction, resulting in a "k" value of 1.45, completing the reaction in 180min. Use of the external catalyst Zn-Al2O3 showed the greatest catalytic potential, but also assumes additional costs.

AB - Scum is an oily waste stream of the wastewater treatment process that can be used to produce biodiesel. Combining acid hydrolysis and solvent extraction, a free fatty acid and acyl-glycerol rich product was produced. Free fatty acids (FFAs) present were converted to acyl-glycols via a high temperature (238°C) glycerin esterification process known as glycerolysis. The inorganic catalysts zinc aluminum oxide and sodium sulfate were tested during glycerolysis to compare the reaction kinetics of converting FFA to acyl-glycerols. It was concluded that the zinc-based catalyst increased the reaction rate significantly, from a "k" value of 2.57 (uncatalyzed) to 5.63, completing the reaction in 60min, half the time it took the uncatalyzed reaction (120min). Sodium sulfate's presence however slowed the reaction, resulting in a "k" value of 1.45, completing the reaction in 180min. Use of the external catalyst Zn-Al2O3 showed the greatest catalytic potential, but also assumes additional costs.

KW - Biodiesel

KW - Glycerolysis

KW - Scum

KW - Solvent extraction

KW - Wastewater treatment

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