Mechanisms of photoisomerization and water-oxidation catalysis of mononuclear ruthenium(II) monoaquo complexes

Masanari Hirahara; Mehmed Z. Ertem; Manabu Komi; Hirosato Yamazaki; Chris Cramer; Masayuki Yagi

doi:10.1021/ic400054k

Mechanisms of photoisomerization and water-oxidation catalysis of mononuclear ruthenium(II) monoaquo complexes

Masanari Hirahara, Mehmed Z. Ertem, Manabu Komi, Hirosato Yamazaki, Chris Cramer, Masayuki Yagi

Chemistry (Twin Cities)

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Abstract

A ligation of Ru(tpy)Cl₃ (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″- terpyridine) with 2-(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine) (pynp) in the presence of LiCl gave distal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)Cl]⁺ (d-1Cl) selectively, whereas the ligation gave proximal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)OH₂]²⁺ (p-1H ₂O) selectively in the absence of halide ions. (The proximal/distal isomers were defined by the structural configuration between the 1,8-naphthyridine moiety and the aquo or chloro ligand.) An aquation reaction of d-1Cl quantitatively afforded distal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)OH₂]²⁺ (d-1H₂O) in water, and d-1H₂O is quantitatively photoisomerized to p-1H₂O. The mechanism of the photoisomerization was investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The temperature dependence of the transient absorption spectral change suggests existence of the thermally activated process from the ³MLCT state with the activation energy (ΔE = 49 kJ mol ^-1), which is close to that (41.7 kJ mol^-1) of the overall photoisomerization reaction. However, quantum chemical calculations suggest another activation process involving the conformational change of the pentacoordinated distal structure to the proximal structure. Quantum chemical calculations provide redox potentials and pK_a values for proton-coupled electron transfer reactions from Ru^II-OH₂ to Ru^IV=O in good agreement with experiments and provide an explanation for mechanistic differences between d-1H₂O and p-1H ₂O with respect to water oxidation. The calculations show that water nucleophilic attack (WNA) on d-[Ru^V-O]³⁺ (the ruthenyl oxo species derived from d-1H₂O, calculated ΔG ^â§§ of 87.9 kJ/mol) is favored over p-[Ru ^V-O]³⁺ (calculated ΔG^â§§ of 104.6 kJ/mol) for O-O bond formation. Examination of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals in d-and p-[Ru^V-O]³⁺ indicates that more orbital amplitude is concentrated on the [Ru-O] unit in the case of d-[Ru^V-O]³⁺ than in the case of p-[Ru^V-O] ³⁺, where some of the amplitude is instead delocalized over the pynp ligand, making this isomer less electrophilic.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	6354-6364
Number of pages	11
Journal	Inorganic chemistry
Volume	52
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/ic400054k
State	Published - Jun 3 2013

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@article{da86dc618c9141a3badf19b5f1fd3f10,

title = "Mechanisms of photoisomerization and water-oxidation catalysis of mononuclear ruthenium(II) monoaquo complexes",

abstract = "A ligation of Ru(tpy)Cl3 (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″- terpyridine) with 2-(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine) (pynp) in the presence of LiCl gave distal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)Cl]+ (d-1Cl) selectively, whereas the ligation gave proximal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)OH2]2+ (p-1H 2O) selectively in the absence of halide ions. (The proximal/distal isomers were defined by the structural configuration between the 1,8-naphthyridine moiety and the aquo or chloro ligand.) An aquation reaction of d-1Cl quantitatively afforded distal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)OH2]2+ (d-1H2O) in water, and d-1H2O is quantitatively photoisomerized to p-1H2O. The mechanism of the photoisomerization was investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The temperature dependence of the transient absorption spectral change suggests existence of the thermally activated process from the 3MLCT state with the activation energy (ΔE = 49 kJ mol -1), which is close to that (41.7 kJ mol-1) of the overall photoisomerization reaction. However, quantum chemical calculations suggest another activation process involving the conformational change of the pentacoordinated distal structure to the proximal structure. Quantum chemical calculations provide redox potentials and pKa values for proton-coupled electron transfer reactions from RuII-OH2 to RuIV=O in good agreement with experiments and provide an explanation for mechanistic differences between d-1H2O and p-1H 2O with respect to water oxidation. The calculations show that water nucleophilic attack (WNA) on d-[RuV-O]3+ (the ruthenyl oxo species derived from d-1H2O, calculated ΔG {\^a}§§ of 87.9 kJ/mol) is favored over p-[Ru V-O]3+ (calculated ΔG{\^a}§§ of 104.6 kJ/mol) for O-O bond formation. Examination of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals in d-and p-[RuV-O]3+ indicates that more orbital amplitude is concentrated on the [Ru-O] unit in the case of d-[RuV-O]3+ than in the case of p-[RuV-O] 3+, where some of the amplitude is instead delocalized over the pynp ligand, making this isomer less electrophilic.",

author = "Masanari Hirahara and Ertem, {Mehmed Z.} and Manabu Komi and Hirosato Yamazaki and Chris Cramer and Masayuki Yagi",

year = "2013",

month = jun,

day = "3",

doi = "10.1021/ic400054k",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "52",

pages = "6354--6364",

journal = "Inorganic chemistry",

issn = "0020-1669",

publisher = "American Chemical Society",

number = "11",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Mechanisms of photoisomerization and water-oxidation catalysis of mononuclear ruthenium(II) monoaquo complexes

AU - Hirahara, Masanari

AU - Ertem, Mehmed Z.

AU - Komi, Manabu

AU - Yamazaki, Hirosato

AU - Cramer, Chris

AU - Yagi, Masayuki

PY - 2013/6/3

Y1 - 2013/6/3

N2 - A ligation of Ru(tpy)Cl3 (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″- terpyridine) with 2-(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine) (pynp) in the presence of LiCl gave distal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)Cl]+ (d-1Cl) selectively, whereas the ligation gave proximal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)OH2]2+ (p-1H 2O) selectively in the absence of halide ions. (The proximal/distal isomers were defined by the structural configuration between the 1,8-naphthyridine moiety and the aquo or chloro ligand.) An aquation reaction of d-1Cl quantitatively afforded distal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)OH2]2+ (d-1H2O) in water, and d-1H2O is quantitatively photoisomerized to p-1H2O. The mechanism of the photoisomerization was investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The temperature dependence of the transient absorption spectral change suggests existence of the thermally activated process from the 3MLCT state with the activation energy (ΔE = 49 kJ mol -1), which is close to that (41.7 kJ mol-1) of the overall photoisomerization reaction. However, quantum chemical calculations suggest another activation process involving the conformational change of the pentacoordinated distal structure to the proximal structure. Quantum chemical calculations provide redox potentials and pKa values for proton-coupled electron transfer reactions from RuII-OH2 to RuIV=O in good agreement with experiments and provide an explanation for mechanistic differences between d-1H2O and p-1H 2O with respect to water oxidation. The calculations show that water nucleophilic attack (WNA) on d-[RuV-O]3+ (the ruthenyl oxo species derived from d-1H2O, calculated ΔG â§§ of 87.9 kJ/mol) is favored over p-[Ru V-O]3+ (calculated ΔGâ§§ of 104.6 kJ/mol) for O-O bond formation. Examination of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals in d-and p-[RuV-O]3+ indicates that more orbital amplitude is concentrated on the [Ru-O] unit in the case of d-[RuV-O]3+ than in the case of p-[RuV-O] 3+, where some of the amplitude is instead delocalized over the pynp ligand, making this isomer less electrophilic.

AB - A ligation of Ru(tpy)Cl3 (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″- terpyridine) with 2-(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine) (pynp) in the presence of LiCl gave distal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)Cl]+ (d-1Cl) selectively, whereas the ligation gave proximal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)OH2]2+ (p-1H 2O) selectively in the absence of halide ions. (The proximal/distal isomers were defined by the structural configuration between the 1,8-naphthyridine moiety and the aquo or chloro ligand.) An aquation reaction of d-1Cl quantitatively afforded distal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)OH2]2+ (d-1H2O) in water, and d-1H2O is quantitatively photoisomerized to p-1H2O. The mechanism of the photoisomerization was investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The temperature dependence of the transient absorption spectral change suggests existence of the thermally activated process from the 3MLCT state with the activation energy (ΔE = 49 kJ mol -1), which is close to that (41.7 kJ mol-1) of the overall photoisomerization reaction. However, quantum chemical calculations suggest another activation process involving the conformational change of the pentacoordinated distal structure to the proximal structure. Quantum chemical calculations provide redox potentials and pKa values for proton-coupled electron transfer reactions from RuII-OH2 to RuIV=O in good agreement with experiments and provide an explanation for mechanistic differences between d-1H2O and p-1H 2O with respect to water oxidation. The calculations show that water nucleophilic attack (WNA) on d-[RuV-O]3+ (the ruthenyl oxo species derived from d-1H2O, calculated ΔG â§§ of 87.9 kJ/mol) is favored over p-[Ru V-O]3+ (calculated ΔGâ§§ of 104.6 kJ/mol) for O-O bond formation. Examination of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals in d-and p-[RuV-O]3+ indicates that more orbital amplitude is concentrated on the [Ru-O] unit in the case of d-[RuV-O]3+ than in the case of p-[RuV-O] 3+, where some of the amplitude is instead delocalized over the pynp ligand, making this isomer less electrophilic.

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U2 - 10.1021/ic400054k

DO - 10.1021/ic400054k

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AN - SCOPUS:84878625316

SN - 0020-1669

VL - 52

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EP - 6364

JO - Inorganic chemistry

JF - Inorganic chemistry

IS - 11

ER -

Mechanisms of photoisomerization and water-oxidation catalysis of mononuclear ruthenium(II) monoaquo complexes

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