Modeling industrial energy flow on a national scale

This paper describes possible means of modeling industrial energy flow on a national base, along with discussions on how useful they would be for better utilization of energy and enhanced policy making. Models for energy inputs and allocation of them among specific end-uses in various U.S. manufacturing industries are given as examples. The energy types included in the given end-use models are: fuel, steam, waste heat and electricity. These models provide a useful tool to characterize industrial energy usage. Similar energy end-use models can serve as key for other studies such as energy process-step models and energy cost analysis for manufacturing industries. The approach to create these models is applicable to all other industries for which data is available and the models are consistent with U.S. Department of Energy data.