Musculoskeletal response of dystrophic mice to short term, low intensity, high frequency vibration

Objectives:We aimed to identify parameters of low-intensity vibration that initiate the greatest osteogenic response in dystrophindeficient mice and determine vibration safety for diseased muscle in three separate studies. Methods: Study1: Mdxmice were randomized into seven vibration treatments and 14 d later, plasma osteocalcin and tibial osteogenic gene expression were compared among treatments. Study2: Three days of vibration was compared to other modalities known to elicit muscle injury in mdxmice. Study3: Dystrophic mice with more severe phenotypes due to altered utrophin were subjected to 7 d vibration to determine if muscle injury was induced. Muscle torque and genes associated with inflammation and myogenesis were assessed in Studies 2-3. Results: Two sets of parameters (45 Hz 0.6 g and 90 Hz 0.6 g) evoked osteogenic responses. 45 Hz upregulated alkaline phosphatase and tended to upregulate osteoprotegerin without altering RANKL, and 90 Hz simultaneously upregulated osteprotegerin and RANKL. Thus, subsequent muscle studies utilized 45 Hz. Vibration for 3 or 7 d was not injurious to dystrophic muscle as shown by the lack of differences between vibrated and nonvibrated mice in torque and gene expression. Conclusions: Results indicate that vibration at 45 Hz and 0.6 g is safe for dystrophic muscle and may be a therapeutic modality to improve musculoskeletal health in DMD.