Neutrino-induced upward stopping muons in Super-Kamiokande

Y. Fukuda; K. Ishihara; Y. Itow; T. Kajita; J. Kameda; S. Kasuga; K. Kobayashi; Y. Kobayashi; Y. Koshio; M. Miura; M. Nakahata; S. Nakayama; Y. Obayashi; A. Okada; K. Okumura; N. Sakurai; M. Shiozawa; Y. Suzuki; H. Takeuchi; Y. Takeuchi; Y. Totsuka; S. Yamada; M. Earl; A. Habig; E. Kearns; M. D. Messier; K. Scholberg; J. L. Stone; L. R. Sulak; C. W. Walter; M. Goldhaber; T. Barszczak; D. Casper; W. Gajewski; W. R. Kropp; S. Mine; L. R. Price; M. Smy; H. W. Sobel; M. R. Vagins; K. S. Ganezer; W. E. Keig; R. W. Ellsworth; S. Tasaka; A. Kibayashi; J. G. Learned; S. Matsuno; V. J. Stenger; D. Takemori; T. Ishii; H. Ishino; T. Kobayashi; K. Nakamura; Y. Oyama; A. Sakai; M. Sakuda; O. Sasaki; S. Echigo; M. Kohama; A. T. Suzuki; T. Inagaki; K. Nishikawa; T. J. Haines; E. Blaufuss; B. K. Kim; R. Sanford; R. Svoboda; M. L. Chen; J. A. Goodman; G. W. Sullivan; J. Hill; C. K. Jung; K. Martens; C. Mauger; C. McGrew; E. Sharkey; B. Viren; C. Yanagisawa; W. Doki; M. Kirisawa; S. Inaba; K. Miyano; H. Okazawa; C. Saji; M. Takahashi; M. Takahata; K. Higuchi; Y. Nagashima; M. Takita; T. Yamaguchi; M. Yoshida; S. B. Kim; M. Etoh; A. Hasegawa; T. Hasegawa; S. Hatakeyama; K. Inoue; T. Iwamoto; M. Koga; T. Maruyama; H. Ogawa; J. Shirai; A. Suzuki; F. Tsushima; M. Koshiba; Y. Hatakeyama; M. Koike; M. Nemoto; K. Nishijima; H. Fujiyasu; T. Futagami; Y. Hayato; Y. Kanaya; K. Kaneyuki; Y. Watanabe; D. Kielczewska; J. S. George; A. L. Stachyra; R. J. Wilkes; K. K. Young

doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01188-0

Neutrino-induced upward stopping muons in Super-Kamiokande

Y. Fukuda, K. Ishihara, Y. Itow, T. Kajita, J. Kameda, S. Kasuga, K. Kobayashi, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Koshio, M. Miura, M. Nakahata, S. Nakayama, Y. Obayashi, A. Okada, K. Okumura, N. Sakurai, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, H. Takeuchi, Y. TakeuchiY. Totsuka, S. Yamada, M. Earl, A. Habig, E. Kearns, M. D. Messier, K. Scholberg, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, C. W. Walter, M. Goldhaber, T. Barszczak, D. Casper, W. Gajewski, W. R. Kropp, S. Mine, L. R. Price, M. Smy, H. W. Sobel, M. R. Vagins, K. S. Ganezer, W. E. Keig, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Tasaka, A. Kibayashi, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, V. J. Stenger, D. Takemori, T. Ishii, H. Ishino, T. Kobayashi, K. Nakamura, Y. Oyama, A. Sakai, M. Sakuda, O. Sasaki, S. Echigo, M. Kohama, A. T. Suzuki, T. Inagaki, K. Nishikawa, T. J. Haines, E. Blaufuss, B. K. Kim, R. Sanford, R. Svoboda, M. L. Chen, J. A. Goodman, G. W. Sullivan, J. Hill, C. K. Jung, K. Martens, C. Mauger, C. McGrew, E. Sharkey, B. Viren, C. Yanagisawa, W. Doki, M. Kirisawa, S. Inaba, K. Miyano, H. Okazawa, C. Saji, M. Takahashi, M. Takahata, K. Higuchi, Y. Nagashima, M. Takita, T. Yamaguchi, M. Yoshida, S. B. Kim, M. Etoh, A. Hasegawa, T. Hasegawa, S. Hatakeyama, K. Inoue, T. Iwamoto, M. Koga, T. Maruyama, H. Ogawa, J. Shirai, A. Suzuki, F. Tsushima, M. Koshiba, Y. Hatakeyama, M. Koike, M. Nemoto, K. Nishijima, H. Fujiyasu, T. Futagami, Y. Hayato, Y. Kanaya, K. Kaneyuki, Y. Watanabe, D. Kielczewska, J. S. George, A. L. Stachyra, R. J. Wilkes, K. K. Young

Physics & Astronomy (Duluth)

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218 Scopus citations

Abstract

A total of 137 upward stopping muons of minimum energy 1.6 GeV are observed by Super-Kamiokande during 516 detector live days. The measured muon flux is 0.39 ± 0.04(stat.) ± 0.02(syst.) × 10^-13 cm^-2s^-1sr^-1 compared to an expected flux of 0.73 ± 0.16(theo.) × 10^-13 cm^-2s^-1sr^-1. Using our previously-published measurement of the upward through-going muon flux, we calculate the stopping/through-going flux ratio ℛ, which has less theoretical uncertainty. The measured value of ℛ = 0.22 ± 0.02(stat.) ± 0.01(syst.) is significantly smaller than the value 0.37_-0.04^+0.05(theo.) expected using the best theoretical information (the probability that the measured ℛ is a statistical fluctuation below the expected value is 0.39%). A simultaneous fitting to zenith angle distributions of upward stopping and through-going muons gives a result which is consistent with the hypothesis of neutrino oscillations with the parameters sin²2θ > 0.7 and 1.5 × 10^-3 < Δm² < 1.5 × 10^-2 eV² at 90% confidence level, providing a confirmation of the observation of neutrino oscillations by Super-Kamiokande using the contained atmospheric neutrino events.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	185-193
Number of pages	9
Journal	Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics
Volume	467
Issue number	3-4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01188-0
State	Published - 1999

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the Kamioka Mining and Smelting Company. The Super-Kamiokande experiment has been built and operated from funding by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, and the United States Department of Energy.

Keywords

Atmospheric muon neutrinos
Cosmic rays
Neutrino oscillations
Super-Kamiokande
Upward stopping muons
Upward throughgoing muons

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Fukuda, Y., Ishihara, K., Itow, Y., Kajita, T., Kameda, J., Kasuga, S., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, Y., Koshio, Y., Miura, M., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Obayashi, Y., Okada, A., Okumura, K., Sakurai, N., Shiozawa, M., Suzuki, Y., Takeuchi, H., ... Young, K. K. (1999). Neutrino-induced upward stopping muons in Super-Kamiokande. Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics, 467(3-4), 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01188-0

Fukuda, Y, Ishihara, K, Itow, Y, Kajita, T, Kameda, J, Kasuga, S, Kobayashi, K, Kobayashi, Y, Koshio, Y, Miura, M, Nakahata, M, Nakayama, S, Obayashi, Y, Okada, A, Okumura, K, Sakurai, N, Shiozawa, M, Suzuki, Y, Takeuchi, H, Takeuchi, Y, Totsuka, Y, Yamada, S, Earl, M, Habig, A, Kearns, E, Messier, MD, Scholberg, K, Stone, JL, Sulak, LR, Walter, CW, Goldhaber, M, Barszczak, T, Casper, D, Gajewski, W, Kropp, WR, Mine, S, Price, LR, Smy, M, Sobel, HW, Vagins, MR, Ganezer, KS, Keig, WE, Ellsworth, RW, Tasaka, S, Kibayashi, A, Learned, JG, Matsuno, S, Stenger, VJ, Takemori, D, Ishii, T, Ishino, H, Kobayashi, T, Nakamura, K, Oyama, Y, Sakai, A, Sakuda, M, Sasaki, O, Echigo, S, Kohama, M, Suzuki, AT, Inagaki, T, Nishikawa, K, Haines, TJ, Blaufuss, E, Kim, BK, Sanford, R, Svoboda, R, Chen, ML, Goodman, JA, Sullivan, GW, Hill, J, Jung, CK, Martens, K, Mauger, C, McGrew, C, Sharkey, E, Viren, B, Yanagisawa, C, Doki, W, Kirisawa, M, Inaba, S, Miyano, K, Okazawa, H, Saji, C, Takahashi, M, Takahata, M, Higuchi, K, Nagashima, Y, Takita, M, Yamaguchi, T, Yoshida, M, Kim, SB, Etoh, M, Hasegawa, A, Hasegawa, T, Hatakeyama, S, Inoue, K, Iwamoto, T, Koga, M, Maruyama, T, Ogawa, H, Shirai, J, Suzuki, A, Tsushima, F, Koshiba, M, Hatakeyama, Y, Koike, M, Nemoto, M, Nishijima, K, Fujiyasu, H, Futagami, T, Hayato, Y, Kanaya, Y, Kaneyuki, K, Watanabe, Y, Kielczewska, D, George, JS, Stachyra, AL, Wilkes, RJ & Young, KK 1999, 'Neutrino-induced upward stopping muons in Super-Kamiokande', Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics, vol. 467, no. 3-4, pp. 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01188-0

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title = "Neutrino-induced upward stopping muons in Super-Kamiokande",

abstract = "A total of 137 upward stopping muons of minimum energy 1.6 GeV are observed by Super-Kamiokande during 516 detector live days. The measured muon flux is 0.39 ± 0.04(stat.) ± 0.02(syst.) × 10-13 cm-2s-1sr-1 compared to an expected flux of 0.73 ± 0.16(theo.) × 10-13 cm-2s-1sr-1. Using our previously-published measurement of the upward through-going muon flux, we calculate the stopping/through-going flux ratio ℛ, which has less theoretical uncertainty. The measured value of ℛ = 0.22 ± 0.02(stat.) ± 0.01(syst.) is significantly smaller than the value 0.37-0.04+0.05(theo.) expected using the best theoretical information (the probability that the measured ℛ is a statistical fluctuation below the expected value is 0.39%). A simultaneous fitting to zenith angle distributions of upward stopping and through-going muons gives a result which is consistent with the hypothesis of neutrino oscillations with the parameters sin22θ > 0.7 and 1.5 × 10-3 < Δm2 < 1.5 × 10-2 eV2 at 90% confidence level, providing a confirmation of the observation of neutrino oscillations by Super-Kamiokande using the contained atmospheric neutrino events.",

keywords = "Atmospheric muon neutrinos, Cosmic rays, Neutrino oscillations, Super-Kamiokande, Upward stopping muons, Upward throughgoing muons",

author = "Y. Fukuda and K. Ishihara and Y. Itow and T. Kajita and J. Kameda and S. Kasuga and K. Kobayashi and Y. Kobayashi and Y. Koshio and M. Miura and M. Nakahata and S. Nakayama and Y. Obayashi and A. Okada and K. Okumura and N. Sakurai and M. Shiozawa and Y. Suzuki and H. Takeuchi and Y. Takeuchi and Y. Totsuka and S. Yamada and M. Earl and A. Habig and E. Kearns and Messier, {M. D.} and K. Scholberg and Stone, {J. L.} and Sulak, {L. R.} and Walter, {C. W.} and M. Goldhaber and T. Barszczak and D. Casper and W. Gajewski and Kropp, {W. R.} and S. Mine and Price, {L. R.} and M. Smy and Sobel, {H. W.} and Vagins, {M. R.} and Ganezer, {K. S.} and Keig, {W. E.} and Ellsworth, {R. W.} and S. Tasaka and A. Kibayashi and Learned, {J. G.} and S. Matsuno and Stenger, {V. J.} and D. Takemori and T. Ishii and H. Ishino and T. Kobayashi and K. Nakamura and Y. Oyama and A. Sakai and M. Sakuda and O. Sasaki and S. Echigo and M. Kohama and Suzuki, {A. T.} and T. Inagaki and K. Nishikawa and Haines, {T. J.} and E. Blaufuss and Kim, {B. K.} and R. Sanford and R. Svoboda and Chen, {M. L.} and Goodman, {J. A.} and Sullivan, {G. W.} and J. Hill and Jung, {C. K.} and K. Martens and C. Mauger and C. McGrew and E. Sharkey and B. Viren and C. Yanagisawa and W. Doki and M. Kirisawa and S. Inaba and K. Miyano and H. Okazawa and C. Saji and M. Takahashi and M. Takahata and K. Higuchi and Y. Nagashima and M. Takita and T. Yamaguchi and M. Yoshida and Kim, {S. B.} and M. Etoh and A. Hasegawa and T. Hasegawa and S. Hatakeyama and K. Inoue and T. Iwamoto and M. Koga and T. Maruyama and H. Ogawa and J. Shirai and A. Suzuki and F. Tsushima and M. Koshiba and Y. Hatakeyama and M. Koike and M. Nemoto and K. Nishijima and H. Fujiyasu and T. Futagami and Y. Hayato and Y. Kanaya and K. Kaneyuki and Y. Watanabe and D. Kielczewska and George, {J. S.} and Stachyra, {A. L.} and Wilkes, {R. J.} and Young, {K. K.}",

note = "Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the Kamioka Mining and Smelting Company. The Super-Kamiokande experiment has been built and operated from funding by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, and the United States Department of Energy.",

year = "1999",

doi = "10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01188-0",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "467",

pages = "185--193",

journal = "Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics",

issn = "0370-2693",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "3-4",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Neutrino-induced upward stopping muons in Super-Kamiokande

AU - Fukuda, Y.

AU - Ishihara, K.

AU - Itow, Y.

AU - Kajita, T.

AU - Kameda, J.

AU - Kasuga, S.

AU - Kobayashi, K.

AU - Kobayashi, Y.

AU - Koshio, Y.

AU - Miura, M.

AU - Nakahata, M.

AU - Nakayama, S.

AU - Obayashi, Y.

AU - Okada, A.

AU - Okumura, K.

AU - Sakurai, N.

AU - Shiozawa, M.

AU - Suzuki, Y.

AU - Takeuchi, H.

AU - Takeuchi, Y.

AU - Totsuka, Y.

AU - Yamada, S.

AU - Earl, M.

AU - Habig, A.

AU - Kearns, E.

AU - Messier, M. D.

AU - Scholberg, K.

AU - Stone, J. L.

AU - Sulak, L. R.

AU - Walter, C. W.

AU - Goldhaber, M.

AU - Barszczak, T.

AU - Casper, D.

AU - Gajewski, W.

AU - Kropp, W. R.

AU - Mine, S.

AU - Price, L. R.

AU - Smy, M.

AU - Sobel, H. W.

AU - Vagins, M. R.

AU - Ganezer, K. S.

AU - Keig, W. E.

AU - Ellsworth, R. W.

AU - Tasaka, S.

AU - Kibayashi, A.

AU - Learned, J. G.

AU - Matsuno, S.

AU - Stenger, V. J.

AU - Takemori, D.

AU - Ishii, T.

AU - Ishino, H.

AU - Kobayashi, T.

AU - Nakamura, K.

AU - Oyama, Y.

AU - Sakai, A.

AU - Sakuda, M.

AU - Sasaki, O.

AU - Echigo, S.

AU - Kohama, M.

AU - Suzuki, A. T.

AU - Inagaki, T.

AU - Nishikawa, K.

AU - Haines, T. J.

AU - Blaufuss, E.

AU - Kim, B. K.

AU - Sanford, R.

AU - Svoboda, R.

AU - Chen, M. L.

AU - Goodman, J. A.

AU - Sullivan, G. W.

AU - Hill, J.

AU - Jung, C. K.

AU - Martens, K.

AU - Mauger, C.

AU - McGrew, C.

AU - Sharkey, E.

AU - Viren, B.

AU - Yanagisawa, C.

AU - Doki, W.

AU - Kirisawa, M.

AU - Inaba, S.

AU - Miyano, K.

AU - Okazawa, H.

AU - Saji, C.

AU - Takahashi, M.

AU - Takahata, M.

AU - Higuchi, K.

AU - Nagashima, Y.

AU - Takita, M.

AU - Yamaguchi, T.

AU - Yoshida, M.

AU - Kim, S. B.

AU - Etoh, M.

AU - Hasegawa, A.

AU - Hasegawa, T.

AU - Hatakeyama, S.

AU - Inoue, K.

AU - Iwamoto, T.

AU - Koga, M.

AU - Maruyama, T.

AU - Ogawa, H.

AU - Shirai, J.

AU - Suzuki, A.

AU - Tsushima, F.

AU - Koshiba, M.

AU - Hatakeyama, Y.

AU - Koike, M.

AU - Nemoto, M.

AU - Nishijima, K.

AU - Fujiyasu, H.

AU - Futagami, T.

AU - Hayato, Y.

AU - Kanaya, Y.

AU - Kaneyuki, K.

AU - Watanabe, Y.

AU - Kielczewska, D.

AU - George, J. S.

AU - Stachyra, A. L.

AU - Wilkes, R. J.

AU - Young, K. K.

N1 - Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the Kamioka Mining and Smelting Company. The Super-Kamiokande experiment has been built and operated from funding by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, and the United States Department of Energy.

PY - 1999

Y1 - 1999

N2 - A total of 137 upward stopping muons of minimum energy 1.6 GeV are observed by Super-Kamiokande during 516 detector live days. The measured muon flux is 0.39 ± 0.04(stat.) ± 0.02(syst.) × 10-13 cm-2s-1sr-1 compared to an expected flux of 0.73 ± 0.16(theo.) × 10-13 cm-2s-1sr-1. Using our previously-published measurement of the upward through-going muon flux, we calculate the stopping/through-going flux ratio ℛ, which has less theoretical uncertainty. The measured value of ℛ = 0.22 ± 0.02(stat.) ± 0.01(syst.) is significantly smaller than the value 0.37-0.04+0.05(theo.) expected using the best theoretical information (the probability that the measured ℛ is a statistical fluctuation below the expected value is 0.39%). A simultaneous fitting to zenith angle distributions of upward stopping and through-going muons gives a result which is consistent with the hypothesis of neutrino oscillations with the parameters sin22θ > 0.7 and 1.5 × 10-3 < Δm2 < 1.5 × 10-2 eV2 at 90% confidence level, providing a confirmation of the observation of neutrino oscillations by Super-Kamiokande using the contained atmospheric neutrino events.

AB - A total of 137 upward stopping muons of minimum energy 1.6 GeV are observed by Super-Kamiokande during 516 detector live days. The measured muon flux is 0.39 ± 0.04(stat.) ± 0.02(syst.) × 10-13 cm-2s-1sr-1 compared to an expected flux of 0.73 ± 0.16(theo.) × 10-13 cm-2s-1sr-1. Using our previously-published measurement of the upward through-going muon flux, we calculate the stopping/through-going flux ratio ℛ, which has less theoretical uncertainty. The measured value of ℛ = 0.22 ± 0.02(stat.) ± 0.01(syst.) is significantly smaller than the value 0.37-0.04+0.05(theo.) expected using the best theoretical information (the probability that the measured ℛ is a statistical fluctuation below the expected value is 0.39%). A simultaneous fitting to zenith angle distributions of upward stopping and through-going muons gives a result which is consistent with the hypothesis of neutrino oscillations with the parameters sin22θ > 0.7 and 1.5 × 10-3 < Δm2 < 1.5 × 10-2 eV2 at 90% confidence level, providing a confirmation of the observation of neutrino oscillations by Super-Kamiokande using the contained atmospheric neutrino events.

KW - Atmospheric muon neutrinos

KW - Cosmic rays

KW - Neutrino oscillations

KW - Super-Kamiokande

KW - Upward stopping muons

KW - Upward throughgoing muons

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0142146981&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0142146981&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01188-0

DO - 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01188-0

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:0142146981

SN - 0370-2693

VL - 467

SP - 185

EP - 193

JO - Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics

JF - Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics

IS - 3-4

ER -

Neutrino-induced upward stopping muons in Super-Kamiokande

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