Observation of the shadowing of cosmic rays by the Moon using a deep underground detector

M. Ambrosio; R. Antolini; C. Aramo; G. Auriemma; A. Baldini; G. C. Barbarino; B. C. Barish; G. Battistoni; R. Bellotti; C. Bemporad; P. Bernardini; H. Bilokon; V. Bisi; C. Bloise; C. Bower; S. Bussino; F. Cafagna; M. Calicchio; D. Campana; M. Carboni; M. Castellano; S. Cecchini; F. Cei; V. Chiarella; B. C. Choudhary; S. Coutu; L. De Benedictis; G. De Cataldo; H. Dekhissi; C. De Marzo; I. De Mitri; J. Derkaoui; M. De Vincenzi; A. Di Credico; O. Erriquez; C. Favuzzi; C. Forti; P. Fusco; G. Giacomelli; G. Giannini; N. Giglietto; M. Giorgini; M. Grassi; L. Gray; A. Grillo; F. Guarino; P. Guarnaccia; C. Gustavino; A. Habig; K. Hanson; R. Heinz; Y. Huang; E. Iarocci; E. Katsavounidis; E. Kearns; H. Kim; S. Kyriazopoulou; E. Lamanna; C. Lane; D. S. Levin; P. Lipari; N. P. Longley; M. J. Longo; F. Maaroufi; G. Mancarella; G. Mandrioli; S. Manzoor; A. Margiotta Neri; A. Marini; D. Martello; A. Marzari-Chiesa; M. N. Mazziotta; C. Mazzotta; D. G. Michael; S. Mikheyev; L. Miller; P. Monacelli; T. Montaruli; M. Monteno; S. Mufson; J. Musser; D. Nicoló; C. Orth; G. Osteria; M. Ouchrif; O. Palamara; V. Patera; L. Patrizii; R. Pazzi; C. W. Peck; S. Petrera; P. Pistilli; V. Popa; V. Pugliese; A. Rainò; J. Reynoldson; F. Ronga; U. Rubizzo; C. Satriano; L. Satta; E. Scapparone; K. Scholberg; A. Sciubba; P. Serra-Lugaresi; M. Severi; M. Sioli; M. Sitta; P. Spinelli; M. Spinetti; M. Spurio; R. Steinberg; J. L. Stone; L. R. Sulak; A. Surdo; G. Tarlè; V. Togo; D. Ugolotti; M. Vakili; C. W. Walter; R. Webb

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.59.012003

Observation of the shadowing of cosmic rays by the Moon using a deep underground detector

M. Ambrosio, R. Antolini, C. Aramo, G. Auriemma, A. Baldini, G. C. Barbarino, B. C. Barish, G. Battistoni, R. Bellotti, C. Bemporad, P. Bernardini, H. Bilokon, V. Bisi, C. Bloise, C. Bower, S. Bussino, F. Cafagna, M. Calicchio, D. Campana, M. CarboniM. Castellano, S. Cecchini, F. Cei, V. Chiarella, B. C. Choudhary, S. Coutu, L. De Benedictis, G. De Cataldo, H. Dekhissi, C. De Marzo, I. De Mitri, J. Derkaoui, M. De Vincenzi, A. Di Credico, O. Erriquez, C. Favuzzi, C. Forti, P. Fusco, G. Giacomelli, G. Giannini, N. Giglietto, M. Giorgini, M. Grassi, L. Gray, A. Grillo, F. Guarino, P. Guarnaccia, C. Gustavino, A. Habig, K. Hanson, R. Heinz, Y. Huang, E. Iarocci, E. Katsavounidis, E. Kearns, H. Kim, S. Kyriazopoulou, E. Lamanna, C. Lane, D. S. Levin, P. Lipari, N. P. Longley, M. J. Longo, F. Maaroufi, G. Mancarella, G. Mandrioli, S. Manzoor, A. Margiotta Neri, A. Marini, D. Martello, A. Marzari-Chiesa, M. N. Mazziotta, C. Mazzotta, D. G. Michael, S. Mikheyev, L. Miller, P. Monacelli, T. Montaruli, M. Monteno, S. Mufson, J. Musser, D. Nicoló, C. Orth, G. Osteria, M. Ouchrif, O. Palamara, V. Patera, L. Patrizii, R. Pazzi, C. W. Peck, S. Petrera, P. Pistilli, V. Popa, V. Pugliese, A. Rainò, J. Reynoldson, F. Ronga, U. Rubizzo, C. Satriano, L. Satta, E. Scapparone, K. Scholberg, A. Sciubba, P. Serra-Lugaresi, M. Severi, M. Sioli, M. Sitta, P. Spinelli, M. Spinetti, M. Spurio, R. Steinberg, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, A. Surdo, G. Tarlè, V. Togo, D. Ugolotti, M. Vakili, C. W. Walter, R. Webb

Physics & Astronomy (Duluth)

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Abstract

Using data collected by the MACRO experiment during the years 1989–1996, we show evidence for the shadow of the Moon in the underground cosmic ray flux with a significance of 3.6σ. This detection of the shadowing effect is the first by an underground detector. A maximum-likelihood analysis is used to determine that the angular resolution of the apparatus is [Formula Presented] These results demonstrate MACRO’s capabilities as a muon telescope by confirming its absolute pointing ability and quantifying its angular resolution.

Original language	English (US)
Journal	Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology
Volume	59
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.59.012003
State	Published - 1999

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Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Aramo, C., Auriemma, G., Baldini, A., Barbarino, G. C., Barish, B. C., Battistoni, G., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bisi, V., Bloise, C., Bower, C., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Campana, D., ... Webb, R. (1999). Observation of the shadowing of cosmic rays by the Moon using a deep underground detector. Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology, 59(1). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.59.012003

Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Aramo, C, Auriemma, G, Baldini, A, Barbarino, GC, Barish, BC, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Bussino, S, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Castellano, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Choudhary, BC, Coutu, S, De Benedictis, L, De Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, De Mitri, I, Derkaoui, J, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Gray, L, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Guarnaccia, P, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Huang, Y, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, DS, Lipari, P, Longley, NP, Longo, MJ, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Manzoor, S, Margiotta Neri, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari-Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, MN, Mazzotta, C, Michael, DG, Mikheyev, S, Miller, L, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicoló, D, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Ouchrif, M, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, CW, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Pugliese, V, Rainò, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rubizzo, U, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra-Lugaresi, P, Severi, M, Sioli, M, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, JL, Sulak, LR, Surdo, A, Tarlè, G, Togo, V, Ugolotti, D, Vakili, M, Walter, CW & Webb, R 1999, 'Observation of the shadowing of cosmic rays by the Moon using a deep underground detector', Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology, vol. 59, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.59.012003

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abstract = "Using data collected by the MACRO experiment during the years 1989–1996, we show evidence for the shadow of the Moon in the underground cosmic ray flux with a significance of 3.6σ. This detection of the shadowing effect is the first by an underground detector. A maximum-likelihood analysis is used to determine that the angular resolution of the apparatus is [Formula Presented] These results demonstrate MACRO{\textquoteright}s capabilities as a muon telescope by confirming its absolute pointing ability and quantifying its angular resolution.",

author = "M. Ambrosio and R. Antolini and C. Aramo and G. Auriemma and A. Baldini and Barbarino, {G. C.} and Barish, {B. C.} and G. Battistoni and R. Bellotti and C. Bemporad and P. Bernardini and H. Bilokon and V. Bisi and C. Bloise and C. Bower and S. Bussino and F. Cafagna and M. Calicchio and D. Campana and M. Carboni and M. Castellano and S. Cecchini and F. Cei and V. Chiarella and Choudhary, {B. C.} and S. Coutu and {De Benedictis}, L. and {De Cataldo}, G. and H. Dekhissi and {De Marzo}, C. and {De Mitri}, I. and J. Derkaoui and {De Vincenzi}, M. and {Di Credico}, A. and O. Erriquez and C. Favuzzi and C. Forti and P. Fusco and G. Giacomelli and G. Giannini and N. Giglietto and M. Giorgini and M. Grassi and L. Gray and A. Grillo and F. Guarino and P. Guarnaccia and C. Gustavino and A. Habig and K. Hanson and R. Heinz and Y. Huang and E. Iarocci and E. Katsavounidis and E. Kearns and H. Kim and S. Kyriazopoulou and E. Lamanna and C. Lane and Levin, {D. S.} and P. Lipari and Longley, {N. P.} and Longo, {M. J.} and F. Maaroufi and G. Mancarella and G. Mandrioli and S. Manzoor and {Margiotta Neri}, A. and A. Marini and D. Martello and A. Marzari-Chiesa and Mazziotta, {M. N.} and C. Mazzotta and Michael, {D. G.} and S. Mikheyev and L. Miller and P. Monacelli and T. Montaruli and M. Monteno and S. Mufson and J. Musser and D. Nicol{\'o} and C. Orth and G. Osteria and M. Ouchrif and O. Palamara and V. Patera and L. Patrizii and R. Pazzi and Peck, {C. W.} and S. Petrera and P. Pistilli and V. Popa and V. Pugliese and A. Rain{\`o} and J. Reynoldson and F. Ronga and U. Rubizzo and C. Satriano and L. Satta and E. Scapparone and K. Scholberg and A. Sciubba and P. Serra-Lugaresi and M. Severi and M. Sioli and M. Sitta and P. Spinelli and M. Spinetti and M. Spurio and R. Steinberg and Stone, {J. L.} and Sulak, {L. R.} and A. Surdo and G. Tarl{\`e} and V. Togo and D. Ugolotti and M. Vakili and Walter, {C. W.} and R. Webb",

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doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.59.012003",

language = "English (US)",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Observation of the shadowing of cosmic rays by the Moon using a deep underground detector

AU - Ambrosio, M.

AU - Antolini, R.

AU - Aramo, C.

AU - Auriemma, G.

AU - Baldini, A.

AU - Barbarino, G. C.

AU - Barish, B. C.

AU - Battistoni, G.

AU - Bellotti, R.

AU - Bemporad, C.

AU - Bernardini, P.

AU - Bilokon, H.

AU - Bisi, V.

AU - Bloise, C.

AU - Bower, C.

AU - Bussino, S.

AU - Cafagna, F.

AU - Calicchio, M.

AU - Campana, D.

AU - Carboni, M.

AU - Castellano, M.

AU - Cecchini, S.

AU - Cei, F.

AU - Chiarella, V.

AU - Choudhary, B. C.

AU - Coutu, S.

AU - De Benedictis, L.

AU - De Cataldo, G.

AU - Dekhissi, H.

AU - De Marzo, C.

AU - De Mitri, I.

AU - Derkaoui, J.

AU - De Vincenzi, M.

AU - Di Credico, A.

AU - Erriquez, O.

AU - Favuzzi, C.

AU - Forti, C.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Giacomelli, G.

AU - Giannini, G.

AU - Giglietto, N.

AU - Giorgini, M.

AU - Grassi, M.

AU - Gray, L.

AU - Grillo, A.

AU - Guarino, F.

AU - Guarnaccia, P.

AU - Gustavino, C.

AU - Habig, A.

AU - Hanson, K.

AU - Heinz, R.

AU - Huang, Y.

AU - Iarocci, E.

AU - Katsavounidis, E.

AU - Kearns, E.

AU - Kim, H.

AU - Kyriazopoulou, S.

AU - Lamanna, E.

AU - Lane, C.

AU - Levin, D. S.

AU - Lipari, P.

AU - Longley, N. P.

AU - Longo, M. J.

AU - Maaroufi, F.

AU - Mancarella, G.

AU - Mandrioli, G.

AU - Manzoor, S.

AU - Margiotta Neri, A.

AU - Marini, A.

AU - Martello, D.

AU - Marzari-Chiesa, A.

AU - Mazziotta, M. N.

AU - Mazzotta, C.

AU - Michael, D. G.

AU - Mikheyev, S.

AU - Miller, L.

AU - Monacelli, P.

AU - Montaruli, T.

AU - Monteno, M.

AU - Mufson, S.

AU - Musser, J.

AU - Nicoló, D.

AU - Orth, C.

AU - Osteria, G.

AU - Ouchrif, M.

AU - Palamara, O.

AU - Patera, V.

AU - Patrizii, L.

AU - Pazzi, R.

AU - Peck, C. W.

AU - Petrera, S.

AU - Pistilli, P.

AU - Popa, V.

AU - Pugliese, V.

AU - Rainò, A.

AU - Reynoldson, J.

AU - Ronga, F.

AU - Rubizzo, U.

AU - Satriano, C.

AU - Satta, L.

AU - Scapparone, E.

AU - Scholberg, K.

AU - Sciubba, A.

AU - Serra-Lugaresi, P.

AU - Severi, M.

AU - Sioli, M.

AU - Sitta, M.

AU - Spinelli, P.

AU - Spinetti, M.

AU - Spurio, M.

AU - Steinberg, R.

AU - Stone, J. L.

AU - Sulak, L. R.

AU - Surdo, A.

AU - Tarlè, G.

AU - Togo, V.

AU - Ugolotti, D.

AU - Vakili, M.

AU - Walter, C. W.

AU - Webb, R.

PY - 1999

Y1 - 1999

N2 - Using data collected by the MACRO experiment during the years 1989–1996, we show evidence for the shadow of the Moon in the underground cosmic ray flux with a significance of 3.6σ. This detection of the shadowing effect is the first by an underground detector. A maximum-likelihood analysis is used to determine that the angular resolution of the apparatus is [Formula Presented] These results demonstrate MACRO’s capabilities as a muon telescope by confirming its absolute pointing ability and quantifying its angular resolution.

AB - Using data collected by the MACRO experiment during the years 1989–1996, we show evidence for the shadow of the Moon in the underground cosmic ray flux with a significance of 3.6σ. This detection of the shadowing effect is the first by an underground detector. A maximum-likelihood analysis is used to determine that the angular resolution of the apparatus is [Formula Presented] These results demonstrate MACRO’s capabilities as a muon telescope by confirming its absolute pointing ability and quantifying its angular resolution.

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=16644385753&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevD.59.012003

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevD.59.012003

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:16644385753

SN - 1550-7998

VL - 59

JO - Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology

JF - Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology

IS - 1

ER -

Observation of the shadowing of cosmic rays by the Moon using a deep underground detector

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