Pattern of iron distribution in maternal and filial tissues in wheat grains with contrasting levels of iron

Sudhir P. Singh; Katarina Vogel-Mikuš; Iztok Arčon; Primož Vavpetič; Luka Jeromel; Primož Pelicon; Jitendra Kumar; Rakesh Tuli

doi:10.1093/jxb/ert160

Pattern of iron distribution in maternal and filial tissues in wheat grains with contrasting levels of iron

Sudhir P. Singh, Katarina Vogel-Mikuš, Iztok Arčon, Primož Vavpetič, Luka Jeromel, Primož Pelicon, Jitendra Kumar, Rakesh Tuli

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Abstract

Iron insufficiency is a worldwide problem in human diets. In cereals like wheat, the bran layer of the grains is an important source of iron. However, the dietary availability of iron in wheat flour is limited due to the loss of the iron-rich bran during milling and processing and the presence of anti-nutrients like phytic acid that keep iron strongly chelated in the grain. The present study investigated the localization of iron and phosphorus in grain tissues of wheat genotypes with contrasting grain iron content using synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) and micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE). X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was employed to determine the proportion of divalent and trivalent forms of Fe in the grains. It revealed the abundance of oxygen, phosphorus, and sulphur in the local chemical environment of Fe in grains, as Fe-O-P-R and Fe-O-S-R coordination. Contrasting differences were noticed in tissue-specific relative localization of Fe, P, and S among the different genotypes, suggesting a possible effect of localization pattern on iron bioavailability. The current study reports the shift in iron distribution from maternal to filial tissues of grains during the evolution of wheat from its wild relatives to the present-day cultivated varieties, and thus suggests the value of detailed physical localization studies in varietal improvement programmes for food crops.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	3249-3260
Number of pages	12
Journal	Journal of experimental botany
Volume	64
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert160
State	Published - Aug 2013
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT, Government of India), the Slovenian Research Agency research programme (P1-0112, P-0212) and DESY and the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement CALIPSO n_ 312284 (EU Support of Access to Synchrotrons/FELs in Europe). Micro-PIXE methodology and instrumentation at JSI was upgraded within the project 7FP EU No. 227012 ‘SPIRIT’. Access to synchrotron radiation facilities of CLS (project 14–3657), HASYLAB (project I-20110511 EC) and Elettra (projects 20110086 and 20115112) is acknowledged. IAEA framework of coordinated research project 16796 “Applications of synchrotron radiation for environmental sciences and materials research for development of environmentally friendly resources” (CSI, KV) is acknowledged. Renfei Feng of CLS, Giuliana Aquilanti and Luca Olivi of Elettra, and Roman Chernikov and Edmund Welter of HASYLAB are acknowledged for expert advice on beamline operation. Harcharan S. Dhaliwal of Eternal University is acknowledged for providing the grains. S.P.S. acknowledges DBT for supporting visit to CLS, Canada. R.T. acknowledges J. C. Bose fellowship, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.

Keywords

Biofortification
Triticum aestivum
XANES
grain iron distribution
micro-PIXE
micro-XRF.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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title = "Pattern of iron distribution in maternal and filial tissues in wheat grains with contrasting levels of iron",

abstract = "Iron insufficiency is a worldwide problem in human diets. In cereals like wheat, the bran layer of the grains is an important source of iron. However, the dietary availability of iron in wheat flour is limited due to the loss of the iron-rich bran during milling and processing and the presence of anti-nutrients like phytic acid that keep iron strongly chelated in the grain. The present study investigated the localization of iron and phosphorus in grain tissues of wheat genotypes with contrasting grain iron content using synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) and micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE). X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was employed to determine the proportion of divalent and trivalent forms of Fe in the grains. It revealed the abundance of oxygen, phosphorus, and sulphur in the local chemical environment of Fe in grains, as Fe-O-P-R and Fe-O-S-R coordination. Contrasting differences were noticed in tissue-specific relative localization of Fe, P, and S among the different genotypes, suggesting a possible effect of localization pattern on iron bioavailability. The current study reports the shift in iron distribution from maternal to filial tissues of grains during the evolution of wheat from its wild relatives to the present-day cultivated varieties, and thus suggests the value of detailed physical localization studies in varietal improvement programmes for food crops.",

keywords = "Biofortification, Triticum aestivum, XANES, grain iron distribution, micro-PIXE, micro-XRF.",

author = "Singh, {Sudhir P.} and Katarina Vogel-Miku{\v s} and Iztok Ar{\v c}on and Primo{\v z} Vavpeti{\v c} and Luka Jeromel and Primo{\v z} Pelicon and Jitendra Kumar and Rakesh Tuli",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT, Government of India), the Slovenian Research Agency research programme (P1-0112, P-0212) and DESY and the European Community{\textquoteright}s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement CALIPSO n_ 312284 (EU Support of Access to Synchrotrons/FELs in Europe). Micro-PIXE methodology and instrumentation at JSI was upgraded within the project 7FP EU No. 227012 {\textquoteleft}SPIRIT{\textquoteright}. Access to synchrotron radiation facilities of CLS (project 14–3657), HASYLAB (project I-20110511 EC) and Elettra (projects 20110086 and 20115112) is acknowledged. IAEA framework of coordinated research project 16796 “Applications of synchrotron radiation for environmental sciences and materials research for development of environmentally friendly resources” (CSI, KV) is acknowledged. Renfei Feng of CLS, Giuliana Aquilanti and Luca Olivi of Elettra, and Roman Chernikov and Edmund Welter of HASYLAB are acknowledged for expert advice on beamline operation. Harcharan S. Dhaliwal of Eternal University is acknowledged for providing the grains. S.P.S. acknowledges DBT for supporting visit to CLS, Canada. R.T. acknowledges J. C. Bose fellowship, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.",

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AU - Singh, Sudhir P.

AU - Vogel-Mikuš, Katarina

AU - Arčon, Iztok

AU - Vavpetič, Primož

AU - Jeromel, Luka

AU - Pelicon, Primož

AU - Kumar, Jitendra

AU - Tuli, Rakesh

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT, Government of India), the Slovenian Research Agency research programme (P1-0112, P-0212) and DESY and the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement CALIPSO n_ 312284 (EU Support of Access to Synchrotrons/FELs in Europe). Micro-PIXE methodology and instrumentation at JSI was upgraded within the project 7FP EU No. 227012 ‘SPIRIT’. Access to synchrotron radiation facilities of CLS (project 14–3657), HASYLAB (project I-20110511 EC) and Elettra (projects 20110086 and 20115112) is acknowledged. IAEA framework of coordinated research project 16796 “Applications of synchrotron radiation for environmental sciences and materials research for development of environmentally friendly resources” (CSI, KV) is acknowledged. Renfei Feng of CLS, Giuliana Aquilanti and Luca Olivi of Elettra, and Roman Chernikov and Edmund Welter of HASYLAB are acknowledged for expert advice on beamline operation. Harcharan S. Dhaliwal of Eternal University is acknowledged for providing the grains. S.P.S. acknowledges DBT for supporting visit to CLS, Canada. R.T. acknowledges J. C. Bose fellowship, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.

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N2 - Iron insufficiency is a worldwide problem in human diets. In cereals like wheat, the bran layer of the grains is an important source of iron. However, the dietary availability of iron in wheat flour is limited due to the loss of the iron-rich bran during milling and processing and the presence of anti-nutrients like phytic acid that keep iron strongly chelated in the grain. The present study investigated the localization of iron and phosphorus in grain tissues of wheat genotypes with contrasting grain iron content using synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) and micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE). X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was employed to determine the proportion of divalent and trivalent forms of Fe in the grains. It revealed the abundance of oxygen, phosphorus, and sulphur in the local chemical environment of Fe in grains, as Fe-O-P-R and Fe-O-S-R coordination. Contrasting differences were noticed in tissue-specific relative localization of Fe, P, and S among the different genotypes, suggesting a possible effect of localization pattern on iron bioavailability. The current study reports the shift in iron distribution from maternal to filial tissues of grains during the evolution of wheat from its wild relatives to the present-day cultivated varieties, and thus suggests the value of detailed physical localization studies in varietal improvement programmes for food crops.

AB - Iron insufficiency is a worldwide problem in human diets. In cereals like wheat, the bran layer of the grains is an important source of iron. However, the dietary availability of iron in wheat flour is limited due to the loss of the iron-rich bran during milling and processing and the presence of anti-nutrients like phytic acid that keep iron strongly chelated in the grain. The present study investigated the localization of iron and phosphorus in grain tissues of wheat genotypes with contrasting grain iron content using synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) and micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE). X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was employed to determine the proportion of divalent and trivalent forms of Fe in the grains. It revealed the abundance of oxygen, phosphorus, and sulphur in the local chemical environment of Fe in grains, as Fe-O-P-R and Fe-O-S-R coordination. Contrasting differences were noticed in tissue-specific relative localization of Fe, P, and S among the different genotypes, suggesting a possible effect of localization pattern on iron bioavailability. The current study reports the shift in iron distribution from maternal to filial tissues of grains during the evolution of wheat from its wild relatives to the present-day cultivated varieties, and thus suggests the value of detailed physical localization studies in varietal improvement programmes for food crops.

KW - Biofortification

KW - Triticum aestivum

KW - XANES

KW - grain iron distribution

KW - micro-PIXE

KW - micro-XRF.

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ER -

Pattern of iron distribution in maternal and filial tissues in wheat grains with contrasting levels of iron

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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