Performance of the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso: Moon shadow and seasonal variations

N. Giglietto; M. Ambrosio; R. Antolini; G. Auriemma; R. Baker; A. Baldini; G. C. Barbarino; B. C. Barish; G. Battistoni; R. Bellotti; C. Bemporad; P. Bernardini; H. Bilokon; V. Bisi; C. Bloise; T. Bosio; C. Bower; S. Bussino; F. Cafagna; M. Calicchio; D. Campana; M. Carboni; M. Castellano; S. Cecchini; F. Cei; V. Chiarella; A. Corona; S. Coutu; L. de Benedictis; G. de Cataldo; H. Dekhissi; C. de Marzo; I. de Mitri; M. de Vincenzi; A. di Credico; O. Erriquez; R. Fantini; C. Favuzzi; C. Forti; P. Fusco; G. Giacomelli; G. Giannini; M. Goretti; M. Grassi; P. Green; A. Grillo; F. Guarino; P. Guarnaccia; C. Gustavino; A. Habig; K. Hanson; A. Hawthorne; R. Heinz; J. T. Hong; E. Iarocci; E. Katsavounidis; E. Kearns; S. Kyriazopoulou; E. Lamanna; C. Lane; D. S. Levin; P. Lipari; G. Liu; R. Liu; N. P. Longley; M. J. Longo; G. Ludlam; F. Maaroufi; G. Mancarella; G. Mandrioli; A. Margiotta-Neri; A. Marini; D. Martello; A. Marzari-Chiesa; M. N. Mazziotta; D. G. Michael; S. Mikheyev; L. Miller; P. Monacelli; T. Montaruli; M. Monteno; S. Mufson; J. Musser; D. Nicoló; R. Nolty; C. Okada; C. Orth; G. Osteria; O. Palamara; S. Parlati; V. Patera; L. Patrizii; R. Pazzi; C. W. Peck; S. Petrera; N. D. Pignatano; P. Pistilli; V. Popa; A. Rainó; J. Reynoldson; F. Ronga; U. Rubizzo; A. Sanzgiri; F. Sartogo; C. Satriano; L. Satta; E. Scapparone; K. Scholberg; A. Sciubba; P. Serra-Lugaresi; M. Severi; M. Sitta; P. F. Spada; P. Spinelli; M. Spinetti; M. Spurio; R. Steinberg; J. L. Stone; L. R. Sulak; A. Surdo; G. Tarlé; V. Togo; V. Valente; E. Vilela; C. W. Walter; R. Webb

doi:10.1016/S0920-5632(97)00559-8

Performance of the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso: Moon shadow and seasonal variations

N. Giglietto, M. Ambrosio, R. Antolini, G. Auriemma, R. Baker, A. Baldini, G. C. Barbarino, B. C. Barish, G. Battistoni, R. Bellotti, C. Bemporad, P. Bernardini, H. Bilokon, V. Bisi, C. Bloise, T. Bosio, C. Bower, S. Bussino, F. Cafagna, M. CalicchioD. Campana, M. Carboni, M. Castellano, S. Cecchini, F. Cei, V. Chiarella, A. Corona, S. Coutu, L. de Benedictis, G. de Cataldo, H. Dekhissi, C. de Marzo, I. de Mitri, M. de Vincenzi, A. di Credico, O. Erriquez, R. Fantini, C. Favuzzi, C. Forti, P. Fusco, G. Giacomelli, G. Giannini, M. Goretti, M. Grassi, P. Green, A. Grillo, F. Guarino, P. Guarnaccia, C. Gustavino, A. Habig, K. Hanson, A. Hawthorne, R. Heinz, J. T. Hong, E. Iarocci, E. Katsavounidis, E. Kearns, S. Kyriazopoulou, E. Lamanna, C. Lane, D. S. Levin, P. Lipari, G. Liu, R. Liu, N. P. Longley, M. J. Longo, G. Ludlam, F. Maaroufi, G. Mancarella, G. Mandrioli, A. Margiotta-Neri, A. Marini, D. Martello, A. Marzari-Chiesa, M. N. Mazziotta, D. G. Michael, S. Mikheyev, L. Miller, P. Monacelli, T. Montaruli, M. Monteno, S. Mufson, J. Musser, D. Nicoló, R. Nolty, C. Okada, C. Orth, G. Osteria, O. Palamara, S. Parlati, V. Patera, L. Patrizii, R. Pazzi, C. W. Peck, S. Petrera, N. D. Pignatano, P. Pistilli, V. Popa, A. Rainó, J. Reynoldson, F. Ronga, U. Rubizzo, A. Sanzgiri, F. Sartogo, C. Satriano, L. Satta, E. Scapparone, K. Scholberg, A. Sciubba, P. Serra-Lugaresi, M. Severi, M. Sitta, P. F. Spada, P. Spinelli, M. Spinetti, M. Spurio, R. Steinberg, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, A. Surdo, G. Tarlé, V. Togo, V. Valente, E. Vilela, C. W. Walter, R. Webb

Physics & Astronomy (Duluth)

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Abstract

The MACRO underground detector at Gran Sasso has recorded about 30 million muon events in the period 1989-1995. We have analyzed these data to look for time variations and to study the pointing capabilities of the apparatus in the search for astrophysical point sources. We have observed a 3% seasonal variation of the high energy muon rate, due to atmospheric temperature variations, in agreement with theoretical predictions. We report also the detection of the moon shadowing effect with a statistical significance of 3.7 σ. The results obtained straighten the possibility that a "muon astronomy" using underground experiments is possible.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	180-184
Number of pages	5
Journal	Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements
Volume	61
Issue number	3 SUPPL.
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5632(97)00559-8
State	Published - Feb 1998

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Giglietto, N., Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Auriemma, G., Baker, R., Baldini, A., Barbarino, G. C., Barish, B. C., Battistoni, G., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bisi, V., Bloise, C., Bosio, T., Bower, C., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., ... Webb, R. (1998). Performance of the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso: Moon shadow and seasonal variations. Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements, 61(3 SUPPL.), 180-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5632(97)00559-8

Giglietto, N, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Baker, R, Baldini, A, Barbarino, GC, Barish, BC, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bosio, T, Bower, C, Bussino, S, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Castellano, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Corona, A, Coutu, S, de Benedictis, L, de Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, de Marzo, C, de Mitri, I, de Vincenzi, M, di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Fantini, R, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Goretti, M, Grassi, M, Green, P, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Guarnaccia, P, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Hawthorne, A, Heinz, R, Hong, JT, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Kearns, E, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, DS, Lipari, P, Liu, G, Liu, R, Longley, NP, Longo, MJ, Ludlam, G, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiotta-Neri, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari-Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, MN, Michael, DG, Mikheyev, S, Miller, L, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicoló, D, Nolty, R, Okada, C, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Parlati, S, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, CW, Petrera, S, Pignatano, ND, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Rainó, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rubizzo, U, Sanzgiri, A, Sartogo, F, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra-Lugaresi, P, Severi, M, Sitta, M, Spada, PF, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, JL, Sulak, LR, Surdo, A, Tarlé, G, Togo, V, Valente, V, Vilela, E, Walter, CW & Webb, R 1998, 'Performance of the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso: Moon shadow and seasonal variations', Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements, vol. 61, no. 3 SUPPL., pp. 180-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5632(97)00559-8

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title = "Performance of the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso: Moon shadow and seasonal variations",

abstract = "The MACRO underground detector at Gran Sasso has recorded about 30 million muon events in the period 1989-1995. We have analyzed these data to look for time variations and to study the pointing capabilities of the apparatus in the search for astrophysical point sources. We have observed a 3% seasonal variation of the high energy muon rate, due to atmospheric temperature variations, in agreement with theoretical predictions. We report also the detection of the moon shadowing effect with a statistical significance of 3.7 σ. The results obtained straighten the possibility that a {"}muon astronomy{"} using underground experiments is possible.",

author = "N. Giglietto and M. Ambrosio and R. Antolini and G. Auriemma and R. Baker and A. Baldini and Barbarino, {G. C.} and Barish, {B. C.} and G. Battistoni and R. Bellotti and C. Bemporad and P. Bernardini and H. Bilokon and V. Bisi and C. Bloise and T. Bosio and C. Bower and S. Bussino and F. Cafagna and M. Calicchio and D. Campana and M. Carboni and M. Castellano and S. Cecchini and F. Cei and V. Chiarella and A. Corona and S. Coutu and {de Benedictis}, L. and {de Cataldo}, G. and H. Dekhissi and {de Marzo}, C. and {de Mitri}, I. and {de Vincenzi}, M. and {di Credico}, A. and O. Erriquez and R. Fantini and C. Favuzzi and C. Forti and P. Fusco and G. Giacomelli and G. Giannini and M. Goretti and M. Grassi and P. Green and A. Grillo and F. Guarino and P. Guarnaccia and C. Gustavino and A. Habig and K. Hanson and A. Hawthorne and R. Heinz and Hong, {J. T.} and E. Iarocci and E. Katsavounidis and E. Kearns and S. Kyriazopoulou and E. Lamanna and C. Lane and Levin, {D. S.} and P. Lipari and G. Liu and R. Liu and Longley, {N. P.} and Longo, {M. J.} and G. Ludlam and F. Maaroufi and G. Mancarella and G. Mandrioli and A. Margiotta-Neri and A. Marini and D. Martello and A. Marzari-Chiesa and Mazziotta, {M. N.} and Michael, {D. G.} and S. Mikheyev and L. Miller and P. Monacelli and T. Montaruli and M. Monteno and S. Mufson and J. Musser and D. Nicol{\'o} and R. Nolty and C. Okada and C. Orth and G. Osteria and O. Palamara and S. Parlati and V. Patera and L. Patrizii and R. Pazzi and Peck, {C. W.} and S. Petrera and Pignatano, {N. D.} and P. Pistilli and V. Popa and A. Rain{\'o} and J. Reynoldson and F. Ronga and U. Rubizzo and A. Sanzgiri and F. Sartogo and C. Satriano and L. Satta and E. Scapparone and K. Scholberg and A. Sciubba and P. Serra-Lugaresi and M. Severi and M. Sitta and Spada, {P. F.} and P. Spinelli and M. Spinetti and M. Spurio and R. Steinberg and Stone, {J. L.} and Sulak, {L. R.} and A. Surdo and G. Tarl{\'e} and V. Togo and V. Valente and E. Vilela and Walter, {C. W.} and R. Webb",

year = "1998",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1016/S0920-5632(97)00559-8",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "61",

pages = "180--184",

journal = "Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements",

issn = "0920-5632",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Performance of the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso

T2 - Moon shadow and seasonal variations

AU - Giglietto, N.

AU - Ambrosio, M.

AU - Antolini, R.

AU - Auriemma, G.

AU - Baker, R.

AU - Baldini, A.

AU - Barbarino, G. C.

AU - Barish, B. C.

AU - Battistoni, G.

AU - Bellotti, R.

AU - Bemporad, C.

AU - Bernardini, P.

AU - Bilokon, H.

AU - Bisi, V.

AU - Bloise, C.

AU - Bosio, T.

AU - Bower, C.

AU - Bussino, S.

AU - Cafagna, F.

AU - Calicchio, M.

AU - Campana, D.

AU - Carboni, M.

AU - Castellano, M.

AU - Cecchini, S.

AU - Cei, F.

AU - Chiarella, V.

AU - Corona, A.

AU - Coutu, S.

AU - de Benedictis, L.

AU - de Cataldo, G.

AU - Dekhissi, H.

AU - de Marzo, C.

AU - de Mitri, I.

AU - de Vincenzi, M.

AU - di Credico, A.

AU - Erriquez, O.

AU - Fantini, R.

AU - Favuzzi, C.

AU - Forti, C.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Giacomelli, G.

AU - Giannini, G.

AU - Goretti, M.

AU - Grassi, M.

AU - Green, P.

AU - Grillo, A.

AU - Guarino, F.

AU - Guarnaccia, P.

AU - Gustavino, C.

AU - Habig, A.

AU - Hanson, K.

AU - Hawthorne, A.

AU - Heinz, R.

AU - Hong, J. T.

AU - Iarocci, E.

AU - Katsavounidis, E.

AU - Kearns, E.

AU - Kyriazopoulou, S.

AU - Lamanna, E.

AU - Lane, C.

AU - Levin, D. S.

AU - Lipari, P.

AU - Liu, G.

AU - Liu, R.

AU - Longley, N. P.

AU - Longo, M. J.

AU - Ludlam, G.

AU - Maaroufi, F.

AU - Mancarella, G.

AU - Mandrioli, G.

AU - Margiotta-Neri, A.

AU - Marini, A.

AU - Martello, D.

AU - Marzari-Chiesa, A.

AU - Mazziotta, M. N.

AU - Michael, D. G.

AU - Mikheyev, S.

AU - Miller, L.

AU - Monacelli, P.

AU - Montaruli, T.

AU - Monteno, M.

AU - Mufson, S.

AU - Musser, J.

AU - Nicoló, D.

AU - Nolty, R.

AU - Okada, C.

AU - Orth, C.

AU - Osteria, G.

AU - Palamara, O.

AU - Parlati, S.

AU - Patera, V.

AU - Patrizii, L.

AU - Pazzi, R.

AU - Peck, C. W.

AU - Petrera, S.

AU - Pignatano, N. D.

AU - Pistilli, P.

AU - Popa, V.

AU - Rainó, A.

AU - Reynoldson, J.

AU - Ronga, F.

AU - Rubizzo, U.

AU - Sanzgiri, A.

AU - Sartogo, F.

AU - Satriano, C.

AU - Satta, L.

AU - Scapparone, E.

AU - Scholberg, K.

AU - Sciubba, A.

AU - Serra-Lugaresi, P.

AU - Severi, M.

AU - Sitta, M.

AU - Spada, P. F.

AU - Spinelli, P.

AU - Spinetti, M.

AU - Spurio, M.

AU - Steinberg, R.

AU - Stone, J. L.

AU - Sulak, L. R.

AU - Surdo, A.

AU - Tarlé, G.

AU - Togo, V.

AU - Valente, V.

AU - Vilela, E.

AU - Walter, C. W.

AU - Webb, R.

PY - 1998/2

Y1 - 1998/2

N2 - The MACRO underground detector at Gran Sasso has recorded about 30 million muon events in the period 1989-1995. We have analyzed these data to look for time variations and to study the pointing capabilities of the apparatus in the search for astrophysical point sources. We have observed a 3% seasonal variation of the high energy muon rate, due to atmospheric temperature variations, in agreement with theoretical predictions. We report also the detection of the moon shadowing effect with a statistical significance of 3.7 σ. The results obtained straighten the possibility that a "muon astronomy" using underground experiments is possible.

AB - The MACRO underground detector at Gran Sasso has recorded about 30 million muon events in the period 1989-1995. We have analyzed these data to look for time variations and to study the pointing capabilities of the apparatus in the search for astrophysical point sources. We have observed a 3% seasonal variation of the high energy muon rate, due to atmospheric temperature variations, in agreement with theoretical predictions. We report also the detection of the moon shadowing effect with a statistical significance of 3.7 σ. The results obtained straighten the possibility that a "muon astronomy" using underground experiments is possible.

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0031991864&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/S0920-5632(97)00559-8

DO - 10.1016/S0920-5632(97)00559-8

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:0031991864

SN - 0920-5632

VL - 61

SP - 180

EP - 184

JO - Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

JF - Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

IS - 3 SUPPL.

ER -

Performance of the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso: Moon shadow and seasonal variations

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