Seeding is not always necessary to restore native early successional plant communities

Agriculture & Biology

• land restoration 100%
• plant communities 77%
• sowing 67%
• Festuca arundinacea 53%
• forbs 41%
• herbicides 28%
• buried seeds 25%
• species richness 20%
• Lespedeza cuneata 19%
• Lespedeza 17%
• Eastern United States 14%
• crops 12%
• fallow 12%
• managers 11%
• pesticide application 11%
• wildlife 11%
• indigenous species 9%
• species diversity 9%
• grasses 8%
• flowering 8%
• seeds 6%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• revegetation 98%
• seeding 90%
• plant community 78%
• herbicide 48%
• seed bank 30%
• grass 19%
• species richness 19%
• restoration 17%
• crop 16%
• species evenness 16%
• flowering 14%
• fallow 13%
• native species 12%
• species diversity 10%
• seed 10%
• wildlife 10%
• land 6%