Abstract
Effective spectrum sensing is a critical prerequisite for multi-channel cognitive radio (CR) networks, where multiple spectrum bands are sensed to identify transmission opportunities, while preventing interference to the primary users. The present paper develops sequential spectrum sensing algorithms which explicitly take into account the sensing time overhead, and optimize a performance metric capturing the effective average data rate of CR transmitters. A constrained dynamic programming problem is formulated to obtain the policy that chooses the best time to stop taking measurements and the best set of channels to access for data transmission, while adhering to hard collision constraints imposed to protect primary links. Given the associated Lagrange multipliers, the optimal access policy is obtained in closed form, and the subsequent problem reduces to an optimal stopping problem. A basis expansion-based sub-optimal strategy is employed to mitigate the prohibitive computational complexity of the optimal stopping policy. A novel on-line implementation based on the recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm along with a stochastic dual update procedure is then developed to obviate the lengthy training phase of the batch scheme. Cooperative sequential sensing generalizations are also provided with either raw or quantized measurements collected at a central processing unit. The numerical results presented verify the efficacy of the proposed algorithms.
Original language | English (US) |
---|---|
Article number | 5454324 |
Pages (from-to) | 4239-4253 |
Number of pages | 15 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing |
Volume | 58 |
Issue number | 8 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Aug 2010 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Manuscript received August 20, 2009; accepted April 16, 2010. Date of publication April 26, 2010; date of current version July 14, 2010. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Philippe Ciblat. This work was supported by NSF grants CCF 0830480 and CON 0824007; and also through collaborative participation in the Communications and Networks Consortium sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance Program, Co-operative Agreement DAAD19-01-2-0011. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon.
Keywords
- Cognitive radio
- optimal stopping
- sequential detection
- spectrum sensing